奶牛腹腔巨噬细胞的分离与鉴定

以无血清的RPMI-1640培养液灌洗奶牛腹腔,分离获取奶牛腹腔巨噬细胞,在含10%小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养液中培养。采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,并通过瑞氏染色计算其纯度。结果表明,采用无血清的RPMI-1640培养液灌洗奶牛腹腔,能够获得较高纯度的巨噬细胞,能为奶牛胞内寄生菌存活机制的研究提供很好的试验材料。     

融合卷积神经网络与视觉注意机制的苹果幼果高效检测方法

果实表型数据高通量、自动获取是果树新品种育种研究的基础,实现幼果精准检测是获取生长数据的关键。幼果期果实微小且与叶片颜色相近,检测难度大。为了实现自然环境下苹果幼果的高效检测,采用融合挤压激发块（Squeeze-and-Excitation block, SE block）和非局部块（Non-Local block, NL block）两种视觉注意机制,提出了一种改进的YOLOv4网络模型（YOLOv4-SENL）。YOLOv4模型的骨干网络提取高级视觉特征后,利用SE block在通道维度整合高级特征,实现通道信息的加强。在模型改进路径聚合网络（Path Aggregation Network, PAN）的3个路径中加入NL block,结合非局部信息与局部信息增强特征。SE block和NL block两种视觉注意机制从通道和非局部两个方面重新整合高级特征,强调特征中的通道信息和长程依赖,提高网络对背景与果实的特征捕捉能力。最后由不同尺寸的特征图实现不同大小幼果的坐标和类别计算。经过1 920幅训练集图像训练,网络在600幅测试集上的平均精度为96.9%,分别比SSD、Faster R-CNN和YOLOv4模型的平均精度提高了6.9百分点、1.5百分点和0.2百分点,表明该算法可准确地实现幼果期苹果目标检测。模型在480幅验证集的消融试验结果表明,仅保留YOLOv4-SENL中的SE block比YOLOv4模型精度提高了3.8百分点;仅保留YOLOv4-SENL中3个NL block视觉注意模块比YOLOv4模型的精度提高了2.7百分点;将YOLOv4-SENL中SE block与NL blocks相换,比YOLOv4模型的精度提高了4.1百分点,表明两种视觉注意机制可在增加少量参数的基础上显著提升网络对苹果幼果的感知能力。该研究结果可为果树育种研究获取果实信息提供参考。     

华北棉区棉铃虫对三种杀虫剂的抗性监测

为明确华北棉区棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera田间种群对3种常用杀虫剂的抗性,于2014—2015年和2018—2019年分别采集河南、河北、山东和山西4个省的棉铃虫田间种群,采用浸叶法于室内测定棉铃虫对辛硫磷、三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐的抗性水平。结果表明,各监测点棉铃虫对辛硫磷处于中等水平抗性,在2014—2015年和2018—2019年的抗性倍数分别为13.0~58.5倍和21.1~55.3倍,棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性发展相对缓慢;各监测点棉铃虫种群对三氟氯氰菊酯已产生中等至高水平抗性,并呈现逐年上升的趋势,其中河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖种群的抗性倍数由2014年的61.0倍、22.5倍和24.0倍上升至2019年的91.1倍、44.7倍和61.3倍,山东夏津种群的抗性最高,2019年抗性倍数达到216.3倍;棉铃虫种群对甲维盐表现为低至中等水平抗性,河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖和山东夏津种群的抗性倍数分别为8.2~40.4倍、5.8~16.6倍、5.5~23.4倍和11.0~36.6倍。表明4个监测地区的棉铃虫田间种群对3种杀虫剂已经产生了不同程度的抗性,建议减少这3种杀虫剂的使用频次,并注意与其他杀虫剂交替轮换使用,以延缓棉铃虫抗药性的发展。     

花椰菜类蔬菜自交系基因组间亲缘关系的AFLP分析

 利用AFLP 技术对花椰菜、青花菜、紫花菜、黄花菜自交系的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。使用8 对选择性引物组合, 扩增出4901 条电泳带, 并对其进行聚类分析, 根据UPGMA 方法构建聚类树状图。结果表明: 花椰菜、青花菜、紫花菜、黄花菜明显分为四大类群; 青花菜与紫花菜亲缘关系较近, 花椰菜与其它花菜亲缘关系较远, 黄花菜居中。     

Screening and Verification of Low Nitrogen Tolerant and Nitrogen Sensitive Cotton Germplasm

[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate nitrogen efficient cotton germplasms and improve nitrogen use efficiency. [Method] Eighty cotton germplasms were selected and evaluated in the hydroponic experiment under low (0.25 mmol·L^－1) and high (5 mmol·L^－1) nitrogen concentration. Different traits for screening were identified and nitrogen use efficiency types were classified. Field experiments were also performed for comparison and confirmation of the identified germplasms. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in the total plant dry matter, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency in cotton germplasms at the two nitrogen levels. Based on coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and correlation, six traits including total plant dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total nitrogen accumulation, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency were used as screening indicators. According to the Heatmap clustering analysis and the nitrogen efficiency comprehensive index, two germplasms (Lu05R59 and CCRI 69) were identified as low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient, and two germplasms (Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30) as low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient. The results of field experiment were consistent with the results of the hydroponic culture at the seedling stage. [Conclusion] It was finally determined that Lu05R59 and CCRI 69 were the low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient germplasms, and Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30 were low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient germplasms. The results of these studies provide the possibility for screening and rapid identification of nitrogen use efficiency in cotton at the seedling stage, and provide the ideal materials and theoretical basis for further study of cotton nitrogen efficient.     

高油大豆东农46号脂肪含量的氮磷钾肥效应回归模型

【研究目的】了解氮磷钾肥对高油大豆油分含量的综合作用,指导高油大豆优质高效生产。【方法】采用正交回归旋转设计方法,建立了氮、磷、钾肥对高油大豆东农46号脂肪含量的综合作用模型,根据该模型探讨氮、磷、钾肥对大豆脂肪含量影响的规律。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥对大豆脂肪含量的单因素效应、二因素互作效应受到其它因素水平的影响。氮肥对脂肪含量的影响均为增加效应,增加速度随着氮肥编码值增高而加快。磷肥和钾肥对脂肪含量的作用有正有负。获得23%以上的脂肪含量,相应的施肥措施为：施氮量为0.068~0.117 g/kg,施P2O5量为0.274~0.536 g/kg,施K2O量为0.060~0.109 g/kg,采用这个比例施肥有95%的可能使大豆品种东农46号的脂肪含量高于23%。【结论】对于高油大豆品种,通过不同肥料施用量和施用比例的调节可以实现高油目标。     

黄瓜早期若干数量性状遗传研究

利用4个黄瓜亲本，按4×4双列杂交法配制16个组合，测定早期产量、单瓜重、瓜条长度、瓜条直径、瓜把长度、果皮颜色6个数量性状。试验根据Hayman双列杂交法进行遗传分析。结果表明：单瓜重、瓜条长度、瓜条直径、瓜把长度、果皮颜色性状符合“加性-显性”效应模型，以加性效应为主，早期产量性状还受到上位性效应的作用，但以显性效应为主，存在超显性。除早期产量和瓜条直径外，其余各性状的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都很高，表明受环境影响较小，可在早代进行选择；早期产量和瓜条直径的狭义遗传力较小，以非加性效应为主。     

提高玉米花培绿苗诱导频率及染色体加倍效率的研究

采用微胚早期转移技术，将接种后2周的花药连同微胚一起转移到分化培养基，可提高分化成苗率10～12倍，且减轻了胚状体转移的麻烦。利用50kg/L的秋水仙碱溶液处理1～2mm的胚状体6～72小时，可在一定范围内提高可育株率，其中处理24小时效果最好，在不降低分化成苗率的前提下，可育株率由对照的32.3%提高到71.4%。将微胚早期转移与染色体早期加倍相结合，在微胚转移前一天向原培养基中滴加1ml 50mg/L的秋水仙碱溶液，在保持同样出胚率和分化率的基础上，可育株率由39.4%提高到58.3%，自交结实株率由17.9%提高到37.4%。     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.