外来入侵杂草刺果瓜（Sicyos angulatus L.） 严重危害玉米

刺果瓜（Sicyos angulatusL.）为葫芦科野胡瓜属一年生攀援草本植物,生长扩展速度快,种子量大、繁殖力极强。该杂草原产于美国,我国仅在台湾和大连地区发生。2013年本研究调查发现,刺果瓜于2002年在宣化区屈家庄首次发生,目前已导致张家口地区约400 hm2玉米受害,造成减产50%~80%。刺果瓜的生长、入侵、传播途径和防控技术等尚不清楚,急需进行深入研究。     

云南省昆明市动物园大肠杆菌分离株毒力基因分布特征

为研究云南省昆明市动物园动物体内大肠杆菌(E.coli)分离株毒力基因的分布特征,从圆通山动物园37个动物种群粪便中分离出37株E.coli,采用生化鉴定方法鉴定大肠杆菌,PCR方法检测19种毒力基因。鉴定结果表明:37株E.coli中,ompA、iroN、fimC、aatA、vat 5种毒力基因携带率分别为100%、95.49%、83.78%、70.27%、51.35%,ibeA、neuC、iutA、traT、stx 5种毒力基因携带率为0,其他9种毒力基因携带率均低于40.00%;分离菌株普遍携带8种以下毒力基因,同时携带10种以上毒力基因的概率为8.10%;分离株强毒力岛基因携带率较高,分布较为普遍。结果表明,昆明市圆通山动物园内流行的大肠杆菌以致病性大肠杆菌为主,不同种类动物体内大肠杆菌的毒力基因携带率存在较大差异,其原因可能与动物的饲养环境以及动物自身的适应能力和抵抗力有关。因此,对于动物园内具有较高大肠杆菌致病风险的动物,要采取相应防治措施,防止大肠杆菌病发生与流行。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据Gen Bank报道的N基因高度保守核苷酸序列,设计并合成一对引物。上下游引物与Gen Bank中登录的153株猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)N基因全长序列匹配度分别是100%和97%。以本实验室分离流行毒株为模板,利用SYBR Green I荧光染料法进行RT-PCR扩增,获得扩增产物构建重组质粒作为阳性对照,建立检测猪流行性腹泻病毒核酸的方法。同一样品进行3次重复试验,变异系数0.9%。通过对临床样品进行检测和测序验证,核酸检测结果中的阳性样品准确率为100%。本研究所建立的荧光定量PCR检测方法具有快速、灵敏、准确等优点,可用于临床PEDV的检测及分子流行病学调查。     

金边瑞香花芽形态分化研究

 金边瑞香花芽由顶芽发育而成，花芽分化包括花序分化和小花分化两个过程，分为未分化、开始分化、花序原基分化、小花原基分化、花瓣分化、雄蕊分化和雌蕊分化7个时期，分化的顺序是向心的；分化的临界期为5月中旬，分化时期长达7个月，花芽分化既持续又表现出两个分化高峰，还受温度等因素的影响。     

小反刍兽疫病毒H蛋白原核表达的研究

小反刍兽疫病毒属副粘病毒科麻疹病毒属,为一不分节段的负链RNA病毒。本研究以灭活的检测用抗原为材料,抽提基因组RNA作为模板,根据GenBank下栽的序列及载体的需要设计其主要的抗原基因H基因的编码序列的RT—PCIL扩增引物;然后将扩增基因片段与T载体连接克隆测序,再与原核表达载体pET100／D—TOPO连接、诱导表达。结果显示所设计引物对模极有预期扩增,序列测定表明为正确片段;片段经纯化与表达载体连接,已挑到阳性克隆。H基因的表达菌经IPTG诱导,SDS—PAGE电泳。结果显示：H基因有预期分子量大小的蛋白表达;用Anti—His抗体已检测到相应融合蛋白的表达,其原核表达的相应蛋白抗原性状况正在试验研究中,表达产物具有潜在的诊断抗原和免疫原价值。     

稻瘟病拮抗菌NK413的鉴定及抑菌效果

菌株NK413是从黑龙江省农田土壤中分离得到的一株放线菌,为明确其分类地位及在植物病害生物防治中的应用潜力,采用多相分类法对其进行鉴定,并采用孢子萌发抑制法、菌丝生长速率法、杯碟法考察了NK413菌株及其代谢产物对稻瘟病菌的抑菌效果及作用方式。结果表明:菌株NK413的形态特征、生理生化特征与小白链霉菌(Streptomyces albulus)接近,细胞壁类型为Ⅰ型、磷脂脂肪酸成分符合链霉菌属特征。16S rDNA全长为1 614 bp,与小白链霉菌亲缘关系最近,因此将NK413定名为小白链霉菌(S.albulusNK413)。NK413对稻瘟病菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用较强,原液对稻瘟病菌的抑菌圈直径达30 mm,无菌发酵滤液稀释1倍对孢子萌发的抑制率为100%,稀释5倍时对菌丝生长的抑制率为100%。抗菌谱广,具有较好的开发前景。     

番茄组织培养研究进展

番茄组织培养是遗传转化及功能基因组学研究的基础。本文综述了番茄离体再生的影响因素,包括基因型、外植体、植物生长调节物质、物理因素、生根条件等,对番茄离体再生中的组织形态学、体细胞变异的研究进展进行了概述,并对今后番茄组织培养研究进行了展望。     

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses in Vietnam

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia. In the present study, 12 field isolates of NDV were recovered from dead village chickens in Vietnam between 2007 and 2012, and were characterized. All the field isolates were classified as velogenic. Based on the sequence analysis of the F variable region, two distinct genetic groups (Vietnam genetic groups G1 and G2) were recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 12 field isolates fell into the class II genotype VII cluster. Ten of the field isolates, classified as Vietnam genetic group G1, were closely related to VIIh viruses that had been isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia since the mid-2000s, while the other two field isolates, of Vietnam genetic group G2, clustered with VIId viruses, which were predominantly circulating in China and Far East Asia. Our results indicate that genotype VII viruses, especially VIIh viruses, are predominantly responsible for the recent epizootic of the disease in Vietnam.     

Potential gene flow from transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) accessions based on reproductive compatibility

BACKGROUND: The possibility of gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives may be affected by reproductive capacity between them. The potential gene flow from two transgenic rice lines containing the bar gene to five accessions of weedy rice (WR1–WR5) was determined through examination of reproductive compatibility under controlled pollination. RESULTS: The pollen grain germination of two transgenic rice lines on the stigma of all weedy rice, rice pollen tube growth down the style and entry into the weedy rice ovary were similar to self‐pollination in weedy rice. However, delayed double fertilisation and embryo abortion in crosses between WR2 and Y0003 were observed. Seed sets between transgenic rice lines and weedy rice varied from 8 to 76%. Although repeated pollination increased seed set significantly, the rank of the seed set between the weedy rice accessions and rice lines was not changed. The germination rates of F₁ hybrids were similar or greater compared with respective females. All F₁ plants expressed glufosinate resistance in the presence of glufosinate selection pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of gene flow between different weedy rice accessions and transgenic herbicide‐resistant rice may differ owing to different reproductive compatibility. This result suggests that, when wild relatives are selected as experimental materials for assessing the gene flow of transgenic rice, it is necessary to address the compatibility between transgenic rice and wild relatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

表达马立克氏病病毒CVI988／Rispens株糖蛋白B基因的重组鸡痘病毒疫苗的免疫保护研究

用鸡痘病毒载体表达马立克氏病病毒（MDV）糖蛋白B（gB）基因构建成重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV）。以MDV　GA或Md5和RBIB混合攻毒，在不同品种的鸡中评价rFPV－gB／R单价苗和与火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）组成的二价苗的免疫保护效力。试验结果表明，MDV疫苗和FPV母源抗体阴性的SPF鸡和母源抗体阳性的商品鸡中，rFDV－gB／R均能提供免疫保护作用，且其中一种商品蛋鸡中rFPV－gB／R与HVT液氮苗或HVT冻干苗结合使用，均有显著的免疫协同保护作用。免疫学研究指出，rFPV－gB／R与常规疫苗一样，可显著地降低疫苗免疫攻毒鸡的病毒血症和羽囊排毒。