Behavioral effects in monkeys of racemates of two biologically active marijuana constituents

Both dl-Delta(8)- and dl-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol produced marked alterations of behavior in rhesus and squirrel monkeys. Squirrel monkeys appeared to have visual hallucinations. Continuous avoidance behavior of squirrel monkeys was stimulated by both drugs, but high doses of dl-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol also caused depression after the stimulant phase. Complex behavior involving memory and visual discrimination in rhesus monkeys was markedly disrupted by both drugs.     

An outbreak of type C botulism in broiler chickens.

An outbreak of type C botulism involving three-week-old broiler chickens on deep litter is described. No direct source of toxin was found. Cl botulinum type C was distributed widely in the litter, and several thousand per gram were demonstrated both in the litter and in the intestinal contents of chicken.     

The structure of the sternal bursa of turkeys.

The sternal bursa developed as a microscopically recognizable synovial sac in turkeys at about 4 1/2 to 6 weeks of age. In birds 12 weeks old it was difficult to delineate the bursa grossly although microscopically it was a definite structure. After 12 weeks, the walls of the bursa were thick enough that the limits of the sac could be determined grossly. The synovial membrane was in the subcutis, and microscopically was a vascular band of loose to dense connective tissue of variable thickness. Laterally the membrane was folded so that in cross section it appeared as a tonguelike projection of variable length into the cavity. The lining cells centrally were flat fibroblasts while laterally they were cuboidal, particularly over the lateral folds. In older turkeys the cuboidal lining cells were sometimes stratified.     

Increased crop yields following application of Bacillus penetrans to field plots infested with Meloidogyne incognita

We found Bacillus penetrans to be pathogenic to Meloidogyne incognita under field conditions. B. penetrans was added to the soil of field plots into which tobacco, soybeans or winter vetch were planted in sequence during 1981 and 1982. Tobacco and winter vetch (1981 and 1982) and soybeans in 1982 showed trends of increasing yields with decreasing pathogenicity of M. incognita. There was insufficient evidence to enable one to declare a similar trend for soybeans in 1981. B. penetrans reduced yield losses caused by M. incognita 23% for tobacco 1981, 38% for winter vetch 1981, 24% for tobacco 1982, 35% for soybeans 1982 and 55% for winter vetch 1982.