Comparison of seroreactivity of rams with brucellosis in a complement fixation test, whole cell ELISA and by immunoblotting

In rams with ovine brucellosis, a high degree of serological correlation exists between the complement fixation (CF) test which utilises antigen extracted from bacteria with hot saline, and the ELISA reactivity using methanol-fixed Brucella ovis as the assay reagent. Since the whole cell ELISA (CELISA) detects mainly antibodies against surface antigens of B. ovis, it was concluded that the similar findings of the two serological tests is due in part to the presence of membrane antigens in the CF test antigen following hot saline extraction of intact bacteria. Immunoblots with pooled sera representing different CF titres confirmed that the major immunoreactive antigens of B. ovis were located in four zones: alpha, beta, gamma 1 and 2 with corresponding apparent molecular masses of 55 and 60 kDa; 27 and 29 kDa; 18.5-20 kDa and 17-18 kDa, respectively. These zones of reactivity were consistently present in immunoblots when assayed against different B. ovis isolates even though Coomassie brilliant blue staining of SDS-PAGE gels revealed some differences in polypeptide banding patterns. However, these intensely-stained CBB bands located at 38 and 40 kDa which distinguished three of the seven B. ovis isolates were considerably less reactive in immunoblots compared to polypeptides that were located at positions equivalent to alpha, beta or gamma reactivities. Intensity of immunoblot reactivity against polypeptides located in the alpha, beta and gamma zones intensified with increasing CF titre. Sera with CF titres greater than 32 also tended to react against bands of higher apparent molecular masses located at 65, 70, 73, 78, 80 and 86 kDa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Simulation of nitrate-N movement in southern Ontario,Canada with DRAINMOD-N

DRAINMOD-N, a mathematical model to predict nitrate-N concentrations in surface runoff and drain outflows from subsurface-drained farmlands, has been tested against field data collected in southern Ontario. The data was collected in a corn field from 16 conventional drainage and subirrigation plots in Woodslee, Ontario, from 1992 to 1994. The model performance was evaluated by comparing the observed and simulated nitrate-N concentrations in surface runoff and drain outflows. A precise calculation of water-table depth is an essential prerequisite for a model to obtain a proper prediction of nitrate-N movement. For the simulation of water-table depth, the lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation coefficient of linear regression were 173 mm and 0.51 for the subirrigation plots; and 178 mm and 0.84 for the subsurface drainage plots. Therefore, the performance of DRAINMOD-N for soil hydrologic simulations was satisfactory and it could be used for assessing nitrogen fate and transport. For the simulation of nitrate-N losses in the subirrigation plots, the lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation coefficient of linear regression were 0.74 kg/ha and 0.98 for surface runoff; and 6.53 kg/ha and 0.91 for drain outflow. For the simulation in the subsurface drainage plots, the lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation coefficient of linear regression were 0.70 kg/ha and 0.96 for surface runoff; and 6.91 kg/ha and 0.92 for drain outflow. The results show that DRAINMOD-N can perform satisfactory simulation of soil hydrology and nitrate-N losses in surface runoff under various water-table management practices. The model can, therefore, be used to evaluate different water pollution scenarios and help in the development and testing of various pollution control strategies for fields in cold weather such as that in southern Canada.     

Effect of substituting fishmeal with corn protein concentrate on growth performance,nutrient utilization and skin coloration in red hybrid tilapia,Oreochromis sp.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement with corn protein concentrate (CPC) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut morphology and skin coloration of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Five isonitrogenous (350 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (10 g/kg lipid) diets were formulated to contain CPC that substituted 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% FM. Diets were fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (mean initial weight, 10.33 ± 0.02 g) twice daily for 63 days. The results showed that replacing up to 50% FM in red hybrid tilapia diet with CPC did not show any significant adverse effects on growth, feed utilization, haematocrit counts, condition factor and gut morphology of tilapia (p > 0.05). However, replacing 75% or 100% FM with CPC had deleterious effects (p < 0.05). Carotenoids in CPC contributed to skin yellowness, which was significantly higher in the diet where 100% FM was replaced with CPC. Using regression analysis, the optimal substitution level of FM by CPC was estimated at 25% for percentage weight gain, 33% for FCR and 29% for protein efficiency ratio. CPC could be used as a single plant protein source to substitute up to 50% FM in red hybrid tilapia diets.     

饲料淀粉水平对淡水黑鲷生长和消化酶活性的影响

配制5组等蛋白质等脂肪,不同淀粉水平(26%、30%、34%、38%、42%)的饲料,网箱养殖淡水黑鲷(Hephaestus fuliginosus)60 d,初始体重为(4.02±0.11)g,探讨其饲料中淀粉适宜添加量。结果表明,淀粉含量34%组相对增重率和蛋白质效率显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);各组间肠道胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),38%和42%组肠道淀粉酶活性显著高于26%和30%组(P<0.05);34%组全鱼以及肌肉的粗脂肪含量显著高于26%、30%和42%组(P<0.05),全鱼以及肌肉水分、粗蛋白和粗灰分含量各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);各组淡水黑鲷脏体比和肥满度无显著差异(P>0.05),42%组肝体比显著高于26%、30%和34%组(P<0.05);各组间成活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合实验结果分析,淡水黑鲷饲料中淀粉适宜添加量为34%~38%。     

壳聚糖对淡水白鲳生长和非特异性免疫功能的影响

配制添加不同浓度壳聚糖(0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)的6组实验饲料,网箱养殖淡水白鲳(Colossoma brachypomum)(82.26±5.13)g 60 d,探讨壳聚糖对淡水白鲳生长、非特异性免疫功能的影响和其在饲料中的适宜添加量。结果表明:0.6%组末体重、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于0、0.2%、0.4%和1.0%组(P<0.05);0.6%、0.8%和1.0%组脏体比显著低于0、0.2%和0.4%组(P<0.05);0.6%、0.8%和1.0%组肝体比显著低于0组(P<0.05);0.6%组溶菌酶活性最高,显著高于0和0.2%组(P<0.05);0.6%组超氧化物歧化酶活性最高,显著高于其它组(P<0.05);0.6%组酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于0和0.2%组(P<0.05);用嗜水气单胞菌对淡水白鲳进行攻毒后的14 d内,0.6%、0.8%和1.0%组的死亡率显著低于0组(P<0.05)。综合各项实验指标,淡水白鲳饲料中添加适量的壳聚糖能提高其生长性能、饲料利用率、非特异性免疫功能以及抗嗜水气单胞菌感染能力,适宜添加量0.6%~0.8%。     

条石鲷烂尾白浊症病原菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从患烂尾白浊症的条石鲷肾脏和肝脏等病变组织分离出致病力较强的菌株TP0701,人工感染实验证实该菌株为条石鲷的病原菌。对该细菌进行了形态、生理生化特性测定和16S rRNA分子鉴定,测定16SrRNA基因序列,分析相关细菌相应序列的同源性,构建了系统进化树。结果表明菌株TP0701与恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)的亲缘关系最近,具有98.1%的同源性。结合该菌株的生理生化特性,可鉴定菌株TP0701为恶臭假单胞菌。     

2种青虾运输方法的比较试验

在保持水温15~17℃条件下,采用添加与未添加噬菌蛭弧菌的尼龙袋充氧法和添加与未添加噬菌蛭弧菌的网格增氧法运输青虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis),统计运输时间分别为4、6、8、10、12、16、20、24、283、2 h的青虾存活率。结果表明,长时间运输时,采用网格增氧法运输所获得的存活率比采用尼龙袋充氧法运输的高,而且噬菌蛭弧菌溶液对运输存活率的提高有明显的改善作用。     

关于无爪图中哈密尔顿圈的一个注记

证明了具有Hourglass和Dumbbell性质的3-连通的无爪图是哈密尔顿圈.     

基于意愿价值评估法的三门湾资源环境非使用价值研究

通过问卷调查和意愿价值评估法,对三门湾资源环境的非使用价值进行研究。调查问卷分三门湾环境现状、三门湾环境保护和调访者基本情况3大部分,随机选取沿岸居民、企业员工、政府官员、学校教师等,发放调查问卷300份,有效回收294份。结果显示,三门湾资源环境个人平均支付意愿(WTP)为89.25元/(人.年)。以2006年当地人口统计数为总体进行估算,三门湾资源环境非使用价值为4 632.36万元/年,其中存在价值为2 501.47万元/年,遗产价值为1 389.7万元/年,选择价值为741.19万元/年。支付意愿影响因素分析表明,支付意愿与居民受教育程度、收入呈正相关;与年龄呈负相关(P<0.05)。意愿支付率与意愿支付额的影响因素不同,意愿支付率与当地经济收入组成有关,研究中象山县为最高,意愿支付额则更与当地经济发展水平密切相关,宁海县在本研究中为最高。