兔卵母细胞体外成熟培养影响因素的研究

试验旨在探讨卵丘细胞包裹层数、表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)对兔卵母细胞体外成熟培养的影响。分别采用切割法和针刺挤压法取母兔卵巢表面的卵丘卵母细胞复合体(cumulus oocyte complexes,COCS),将获取的COCS在基础培养液中添加不同浓度表皮生长因子(0ng/mL、10ng/mL、20ng/mL、30ng/mL)及不同浓度的谷胱甘肽(0μmol/mL、0.5μmol/mL、1.0μmol/mL、1.5μmol/mL、2.0μmol/mL)进行体外成熟培养并观察第一极体排出率。结果表明:①手术刀切割法和针刺挤压法平均回收卵母细胞率分别为(22.83、39.29)枚,针刺挤压法显著高于手术刀切割法(P<0.05)。②3层以上卵丘细胞包裹的卵母细胞体外成熟率为81.27%,显著高于1~3层卵丘细胞包裹的体外成熟率63.75%和裸卵细胞体外成熟率23.45%(P<0.05)。③添加20ng/mL的EGF对兔卵母细胞体外成熟培养后成熟率为82.14%,效果最好,且显著高于对照组10ng/mL和30ng/mL EGF组(P<0.05)。④添加不同浓度的谷胱甘肽可以促进和提高兔卵母细胞体外成熟率,其中添加1.0μmol/mL的谷胱甘肽时,卵母细胞成熟率为71.44%,与添加1.5μmol/mL组的相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论为添加20ng/mL的EGF和1.0μmol/mL谷胱甘肽,对用针刺挤压法获得3层以上卵丘细胞包裹的兔卵母细胞体外培养效果最佳。     

犬布鲁氏菌菌壳疫苗的制备简

菌壳技术是一种新型的灭活疫苗制备方法,通过非变性的灭活方式保存细菌表面多个抗原表位,所制备的菌壳可作为预防细菌病的理想疫苗。本试验从噬菌体PhiX174 DNA钓取裂解E基因,连接至温控原核表达载体pBV220,通过PCR在所构建的pBV220+E上扩增出蛋白裂解部件（protein lysis component,PLC）,该部件包含阻遏蛋白cI857、溶菌E基因及终止序列rrnbT1T2,然后将其克隆至广宿主表达载体pBBR1MCS-2中,最终将构建的广宿主裂解质粒pBBR+PLC电转入犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66中。试验结果表明,经42 ℃诱导后,广宿主裂解质粒对犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66的裂解率达100%,成功制备了犬布鲁氏菌RM6/66菌壳疫苗。本试验通过菌壳技术制备的犬布鲁氏菌疫苗对预防宠物犬布鲁氏菌病起到重要作用,同时也对人兽布鲁氏菌疫苗的研制提供新策略。     

变叶海棠物种复合体的分类界定和遗传分化初探

 在根据系统发育分析探明变叶海棠物种复合体6 个类群遗传来源的基础上,使用单拷贝核 基因SbeⅠ 进一步研究其分类界定和居群遗传分化。结果表明,SbeⅠ 基因的最大似然树由3 个大的进化枝 构成,物种界定分析将这3 个进化枝界定为3 个物种,但是变叶海棠物种复合体中的类群除花叶海棠外, 均不能被界定为物种。基于遗传距离和固定指数的遗传分化研究支持分类界定的结果。同一进化枝类群内 和类群间的遗传距离在分布范围上完全重叠（0 ~ 0.006）,并且小于不同进化枝类群间的遗传距离（0.008 ~ 0.016）。固定指数分析与遗传距离计算结果一致,表明同一进化枝中的类群彼此遗传分化很小,不支持将 其界定为物种。根据分类界定和遗传分化研究结果以及复合体类群的遗传来源,建议把多毛海棠作为变 叶海棠的变型处理,将马尔康海棠和小金海棠作为复合体的单个无融合生殖种处理。     

生物炭的土壤环境效应及其重金属修复应用的研究进展

生物炭独特的理化性质使其具有较高的稳定性及一定的吸附能力和阳离子交换能力（CEC）,同时还兼有使用成本低、技术原理简单、环境友好性突出等特点,不仅可解决土壤污染问题,还可以为农村过剩生物质处理提供解决途径,近年来生物炭在土壤污染修复治理方面的应用研究倍受关注。概述了生物炭的理化特性以及环境特性,着重介绍了生物炭在提高土壤 CEC、提升土壤 pH 值、增加土壤有机质（SOM）含量、提高微生物活性等方面的环境效应与土壤重金属迁移性之间的关系;对今后生物炭对土壤重金属迁移性及生物有效性的影响研究进行了展望,提出在进一步研究中,不仅要对不同生物质原材料、制备条件下的生物炭进行对比研究,还要根据土壤重金属污染的具体情况（土壤自身理化条件、重金属种类、含量、形态）,结合测土施肥的基本原理,对生物炭的土壤重金属修复能力进行长期、系统的研究。     

河北省杂交谷子区域比较与发展趋势分析

河北省是杂交谷子的发源地,杂交谷子推广应用的效果将直接影响整个杂交谷子产业的发展。文章运用综合比较优势指数法,以地区行政市为单位区域,定量地对石家庄、张家口、承德、秦皇岛、唐山、保定、邢台这7个市进行分析,从效率优势、规模优势、综合优势等方面,进行了比较优势研究。结果表明,生产力的高低、种植规模的大小等因素导致各市杂交谷子生产具有明显的差异,张家口、承德和邢台在综合比较优势中占有相对的优势,属于优先发展区;唐山、秦皇岛和保定虽处于劣势,但是近几年发展速度很快,属于潜力发展区;而石家庄与以上城市相比不具有优势,目前不适宜盲目发展,属于自主发展区。最后,为不同区域杂交谷子发展提出了针对性建议。     

樟子松不同更新位置幼树高生长规律的研究

在对调查数据统计分析的基础上,探索了4种更新位置樟子松5年生以上幼树树高生长规律,研究结果表明：4种不同更新类型樟子松幼树6年生以后,同龄幼树高都呈现樟子松林缘〉樟子松林隙〉银中杨林内、樟子松林缘〉小黑杨林内〉银中杨林内的趋势;樟子松林隙和小黑杨林内规律性不明显。不同更新位置同龄幼树当年高生长量,呈现樟子松林缘〉小黑杨林内〉樟子松林隙〉银中杨林内的趋势。樟子松林缘、樟子松林隙、小黑杨林内、银中杨林内5～10 a（11a）生樟子松更新幼树年均高生长量范围分别为10.8 cm（5 a）～33.6 cm（11 a）、9.4 cm （5 a）～30 cm（11 a）、9.2 cm（5 a）～26.5 cm（10 a）、9.0 cm（5 a）～25.3 cm（10 a）。     

Characterization of the surface properties of β-CD-CA-wood flour polymer by inverse gas chromatography

Poplar wood flour, a low-cost and abundantly available material, was modified by grafting β-cyclodextrin in the presence of citric acid, aiming to expand the application of wood flour. The product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the technique of the phenolphthalein probe. By the technique of inverse gas chromatography and the method of Hamieh, the values of surface free energy and nonpolar part of the free energy were obtained. The results demonstrate that the dispersive component of the surface free energy of the products will increase with temperature increases, and the product presents a Lewis basic character with K _b/K _a = 3.67. Based on the structure of the product, the basicity comes from two parts. One is the rich electronic environment of the β-CD inner cavity, and the other is the formation of ester bonds through crosslinking between β-CD and wood flour by CA.     

青研系列大白菜杂交种及亲本指纹图谱构建和杂种纯度鉴定

利用SSR分子标记技术构建了青研系列7份大白菜杂交种及其11个亲本的DNA指纹图谱,筛选出5对具有较高多态性的SSR核心引物,核心引物组合扩增,可以鉴别亲本及其杂交种的真伪。利用其中一对共显性SSR标记P3鉴定青研早9号、青研桔15和青研春白一号三个杂交种的纯度。对比苗期性状调查结果表明,SSR分子标记用于杂交种纯度鉴定结果是可靠的。本试验为大白菜杂交种纯度鉴定提供了可靠的方法,对亲本保护及杂交种推广具有重要意义。     

Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions on β-cyclodextrin grafting wood flour copolymer: kinetic and equilibrium studies

The preparation, characterization, and environmental application of β-cyclodextrin/citric acid/wood flour (β-CD/CA/WF) graft copolymer wood-based biosorbent for methylene blue (MB) biosorption were investigated in this paper. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the technique of phenolphthalein probe were used to characterize the grafting β-CD. Furthermore, the biosorption behavior of MB on β-CD/CA/WF graft copolymer was studied under various conditions of pH, contact time, and initial MB concentration. The results indicated that the biosorption of MB was dependent on both the initial MB concentration and the initial pH. Langmuir isotherm model fitted the isotherm data better than the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and intraparticle diffusion was one of the effective rate-controlling steps for the entire biosorption period. Equilibrium and kinetic results have implied that β-CD/CA/WF graft copolymer could be considered as a promising material for the adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions.     

Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis of Fiber Quality Traits with SSR Markers in Germplasm Resources of Early Maturity Upland Cotton in Xinjiang

[Objective] We explored the genetic diversity of early maturity upland cotton germplasm resources in Xinjiang, China. We discovered specific germplasm resources and elite allelic variation related to fiber quality. [Method] We used 219 early maturity upland cotton accessions in our experiments and investigated 15 agronomic traits in three environments. We used a total of 128 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers to scan for polymorphism. We then used NTsys-pc2.1 software to analyze genetic diversity, and Structure2.3.1 and Tassle5.0 software to perform association analysis of fiber quality traits based on phenotypic effect values to identify elite allele variation and conventional materials. [Result] A total of 244 loci were amplified by 128 marker pairs in 219 samples with an average of 1.91 loci per marker. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.13 to 0.86 with an average of 0.63. The distribution range of the genetic similarity coefficient between materials in this population was 0.42-0.99 with an average of 0.61. The genetic similarity coefficient was between 0.5 and 0.7 and accounted for 90.19%. Through association analysis, we detected 11 markers that were significantly (P<0.01) associated with fiber quality traits, and discovered seven typical materials with specific allele. [Conclusion] In total, 219 Xinjiang early-maturing upland cotton germplasm resources have low genetic diversity. Based on SSR association analysis, we discovered some specific allele variations and conventional materials related to fiber quality traits.