Effect of resveratrol on growth performance,rectal temperature and serum parameters of yellow‐feather broilers under heat stress

This study investigated the effect of dietary resveratrol supplementation on growth performance, rectal temperature, and serum parameters of yellow‐feather broilers under heat stress. A total of 480 yellow‐feather broilers (28‐day‐old) were randomly allotted to five groups with six replicates. A thermoneutral group (TN) (24 ± 2°C) received a basal diet and another four heat‐stressed groups (37 ± 2°C for 8 hr/day and 24 ± 2°C for the remaining time) were fed the basal diet or basal diet with 200, 350, and 500 mg/kg resveratrol for 14 consecutive days. The results revealed that resveratrol supplementation improved average daily gain (p = 0.001), and decreased (p < 0.05) rectal temperature from d 3 when compared with heat‐stressed group without resveratrol. In addition, supplementation with resveratrol at 350 or 500 mg/kg lowered (p < 0.05) the contents of corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, malonaldehyde, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, increased (p < 0.05) the levels of triiodothyronine, the ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine, total protein, glutathione, and activities of alkaline phosphatase, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, though with few fluctuation. In conclusion, supplementation with resveratrol can improve the growth performance by positively regulating serum metabolic parameters and alleviating tissue oxidant damage of broilers under heat stress.     

密度对甜菜夜蛾幼虫色型分化的影响

为明确田间甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua幼虫产生绿色型和黑化型的色型分化原因,在田间系统调查黑化型幼虫所占比例及其与虫口密度的关系,在室内测定不同饲养密度对甜菜夜蛾幼虫色型分化的影响和色型分化敏感龄期,以及视觉、嗅觉和触觉对幼虫色型分化的影响。结果表明,田间甜菜夜蛾1~3龄幼虫均为绿色型,4~5龄幼虫同时存在绿色型和黑化型;在甘蓝上,4龄幼虫中黑化型个体所占比例为21.14%,5龄幼虫中黑色型个体所占比例为28.53%,在辣椒上,4龄幼虫中黑化型个体所占比例为20.54%,5龄幼虫中黑色型个体所占比例为33.88%。随着百株虫量的增加,甘蓝和辣椒上黑化型幼虫所占比例呈现升高趋势。室内研究发现,随着甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养密度的增加,黑化型幼虫占比显著升高,当饲养密度达到5头/盒时趋于稳定,体色等级指数为3.47; 3龄是甜菜夜蛾幼虫色型分化的敏感龄期;视觉和嗅觉刺激对甜菜夜蛾幼虫黑化无显著影响,而触觉刺激显著促进幼虫黑化,甘蓝叶片碎片和白色聚酯纤维的摩擦处理导致幼虫体色等级指数分别显著升高68.59%和71.79%,表明触觉刺激信号对甜菜夜蛾的密度依赖性黑化有显著促进作用。     

我国小麦条锈菌生理专化研究

根据大量的鉴定结果,进一步证明德国的小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主,除个别品种外,不能反映我国条锈菌交异的实际情况;为此,选出了比较适合我国情况的一套鉴别寄主,它们是:Trigo Eureka F.G.S.、Fulhard、Strubes Dickkopf、保加利亚春麦 Lutescens128、碧蚂1号、西北丰收、西北54号、玉皮、甘肃96号。应用所选出的鉴别寄主、四年来共分析了325个标样,它们可划分为10个不同的生理小种,定名为条中1号到10号。条中1号的出现频率最高、分布最广,它能侵染碧蚂1号、西北54号、西北丰收、农大183、石家407等品种及含有3037血统的许多品系。近年来碧蚂1号抗锈性退化即系由于该小种的猖獗。条中8号出现频率仅次于1号,它的特点是对玉皮、甘肃96号有很强致病力。条中2号出现频率虽很低,但它能侵染重要推广品种西农6028。条中3号对碧蚂1号、石家庄407、玉皮、西农6028都没有致病力,这一小种1957年出现频率很高(37.3%),但以后几年未再鉴定到;作者等推测它可能是条中1号取得优势以前的一个主要小种。已经获得的研究结果表明现阶段我国小麦抗条锈病育种工作应以条中1号、2号和8号三个小种作为主要对象。     

Liraglutide attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rat hippocampus via p38 MAPK signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of liraglutide (Lir), an analog of glucgon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), on hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy)-induced hippocampal pathological injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms in rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 5 groups:control (Ctrl) group, model (Hhcy) group, low-dose Lir treatment (Lir-L) group, medium-dose Lir treatment (Lir-M) group and high-dose Lir treatment (Lir-H) group. The protein levels of p-p38, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BIP) and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were examined by ELISA. RESULTS: Hhcy increased the levels of p-p38, BIP, CHOP, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α,and reduced the activity of SOD and GSH, while simultaneous administration of Lir dose-dependently attenuated the Hhcy-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, accompanied with the inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Lir ameliorates Hhcy-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in rat hippocampi with the mechanisms involving suppression of p38 MAPK pathway.     

叶幕高度对“赤霞珠”葡萄叶幕微气候及其品质的影响

以"赤霞珠"葡萄为试材,采用单因素三水平设计方法,研究了葡萄的叶幕高度对叶幕微气候的影响,并分析了微气候的改变对葡萄酒品质的影响,为贺兰山东麓产区葡萄的优质生产栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:不同处理的叶幕内层光照依次为1.2m1.5m1.8m(指叶幕高度,下同);葡萄成熟期间不同处理的月平均气温日较差依次为1.2m1.5m1.8m;不同叶幕高度处理对葡萄的总糖含量、pH影响不显著,总酸含量随叶幕高度的增加而降低;不同处理葡萄酒单宁含量依次为1.5m1.2m1.8m,且1.5m处理比1.2、1.8 m处理高出200、230 mg·L-1,不同处理葡萄酒总酚含量依次为1.2m1.5m1.8m,花色苷含量依次为1.5m1.2m1.8m。综合考虑叶幕微气候、葡萄、葡萄酒品质指标,1.5m处理能提高"赤霞珠"葡萄及葡萄酒的品质,适宜在宁夏产区推广。     

氮硅添加对高寒草甸生物量和多样性的影响——以青藏高原为例

草地施肥多集中于添加氮肥与磷肥,很少涉及硅肥。硅作为对植物有益的一种元素,能提高植物对环境的抗性,促进植物的生长。本研究以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究对象,通过添加不同组合的氮肥和硅肥,研究群落地上生物量和生物多样性的变化。结果表明,氮肥和硅肥的添加均能提高群落的地上生物量,然而硅肥提高群落地上生物量的幅度远低于氮肥;在添加氮肥导致群落物种多样性下降的同时,添加硅肥可以缓解群落多样性下降的趋势;硅肥的生物学功能在群落水平上存在着最佳浓度效应。同时,我们推测硅肥在维持群落中杂草的存活率上发挥着积极的作用,并通过比较不同硅肥处理时,杂草生物量所占群落生物量比重的变化,支持了上述推测。     

论农林复合生态工程建设问题

环境与发展是当今国际社会的重大课题,环境与发展的协调统一,核心是维护陆地生态平衡。文章通过对农林复合生态系统的分析,提出了农林复合生态工程建设是国家环境建设的重要组成部分,必须以生态经济理论为指导,以系统工程原理为依据,进行系统诊断,全面规划;加强控制指标体系等基础性研究;修改和补充有关技术政策。把农林复合生态工程建设,尽快纳入科学化、法制化的轨道。     

花椰菜苗期矿物营养吸收规律的定量研究

试验采用三因素二次饱和回归设计方法,对花椰菜幼苗氮磷钾吸收特性、幼苗营养元素积累与育苗营养液浓度之关系、植株中氮磷钾含量与幼苗生长量之关系以及育苗营养液的最佳浓度组成等问题进行了定量研究和探讨。     

大型连栋鸡舍自然采光的设计与测试

分析了大型连栋鸡舍自然采光的设计原则和屋顶采光窗的设计方法,测定了山东蓬莱某自然采光连栋鸡舍的室内光环境状况。理论分析与实测结果表明：确保室内光照分布均匀的屋顶采光窗（带）宽度与间距的比值应不小于窗壁高与室内笼顶净高的２倍的比值。     

厚朴苗木质量与幼树生长关系的研究

为提高厚朴造林质量,开展了苗木地径、亩高与厚朴幼树生长关系的研究,结果表明：厚朴苗木高度对幼树生长无明显的影响,苗木过高反而会降低造林成活率;苗木地径大于0．9cm时,地径对幼树生长也无显著的影响。因此,厚朴苗木不宜以苗高为分级依据。厚朴苗木的适宜高度可从便于起苗、运输、栽种等生产环节来确定。厚朴苗木地径的分级,优质苗的下限也不应大于0.9cm。