土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫肌动蛋白基因的克隆及其序列分析

目的利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫肌动蛋白基因全长序列并进行序列分析.方法根据日本血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫肌动蛋白基因的保守区设计引物,利用RT-PCR扩增出土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫的肌动蛋白基因的大片段,再结合RACE技术分别得到肌动蛋白的3＇端和5＇端,将三部分序列拼接后获得肌动蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列并进行序列分析.结果成功克隆了土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫肌动蛋白的全长cDNA并提交GenBank,登录号为DQ017265,核酸序列比对表明东毕吸虫肌动蛋白基因的核苷酸序列和日本血吸虫、曼氏血吸虫的同源性分别为90%和91%.结论土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫肌动蛋白的全长cDNA的克隆为进一步表达及其生物学性能的分析提供了理论基础.     

高龄大熊猫多器官衰竭的病理学观察

本文观察了1只38岁高龄的大熊猫多器官衰竭的病理学变化。病理剖检显示，该熊猫主要表现为实质器官充血、水肿和出血性变化；组织病理学检查发现，全身实质器官（除心、肺、脑外）均发生明显萎缩，胃、肠、肝、胰、肾等发生水肿变性或出血；此外，还观察到心肌纤维坏死后的瘢痕形成。结果表明，老龄大熊猫的多器官衰竭的病理学变化与其他动物相似；高龄大熊猫也易患心血管系统疾病，且具有较经的组织修复能力。     

酶联免疫法检测生鲜乳中三聚氰胺的研究

用酶联免疫法对25个生鲜乳样品中的三聚氰胺残留进行检测,结果显示,离散系数小于10%,平均回收率高达97.7%,且所有生鲜乳样品的三聚氰胺含量均未超标。酶联免疫法可应用于生鲜乳三聚氰胺检测的筛选试验。     

Cryptosporidium spp. in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Henan, China: molecular characterization and public health significance

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in scale quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) farms in Henan Province, China between September 2006 and August 2007. One thousand eight hundred and eighteen fecal samples from 47 quail farms in five areas were collected for the examination of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 13.1% (95% CI 13.1±1.6%) (29 of 47 farms), with 72-100-day-old quails having the highest prevalence (23.6%, 95% CI 23.6±2.6%) (χ(2)=64.91; ρ<0.01). The highest prevalence was observed in autumn (21.8%, 95% CI 21.8±3.1%) and the lowest in winter (χ(2)=74.83; ρ<0.01). Two hundred and thirty-nine Cryptosporidium-positive samples were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, and 42 were further analyzed by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Two Cryptosporidium species were identified, Cryptosporidium baileyi in 237 birds on 29 farms, and potentially zoonotic Cryptosporidium meleagridis in only two birds on two farms. These findings may suggest that quails are not a major source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium in the study area.     

Protective influence of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa preserved at 17°C

Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and energy metabolism plays an important role in modulating sperm viability and function. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class that regulates metabolic flexibility and glucose uptake in various cell types, but its effects on boar sperm metabolism are unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa during liquid preservation at 17°C. Freshly ejaculated semen was diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) containing different concentrations of rosiglitazone, and the motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of sperm were detected. Besides, we measured glucose uptake capacity, l ‐lactate production level, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production of sperm after boar semen had been incubated with or without rosiglitazone, iodoacetate (glycolysis inhibitor) and rotenone (electron transport chain inhibitor) for 5 days. The addition of rosiglitazone significantly enhanced sperm quality and had a strong protective effect on the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity during storage. BTS containing 50 μM rosiglitazone maintained the total motility of liquid‐preserved sperm above 60% for 7 days. Rosiglitazone improved sperm quality by regulating energy metabolism manner of preserved sperm, protected the sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced sperm ATP production and in the meanwhile reduced mROS through enhancing glycolysis but not oxidative phosphorylation. The data suggested the practical feasibility of using rosiglitazone for improving boar spermatozoa quality during semen preservation.     

罗非鱼湖病毒病传入风险分析

为评估罗非鱼湖病毒（tilapia lake virus,TiLV）跨境传入风险,按照OIE传入风险评估框架,从危害识别、风险评估及风险管理3个方面,开展了TiLV跨境传入风险分析,并提出了相应的风险控制措施。分析认为：活的敏感鱼类（包括亲鱼、鱼卵和鱼苗）,用做鲜活饵料的鱼类（野杂鱼）及冰冻和冰鲜的敏感鱼类（包括去除内脏的鱼肉）TiLV传入风险较高,而敏感鱼加工类产品、非敏感鱼类（包括活的和其他形式的产品）及运输活鱼的水、包装、运输工具和用具等传入风险较低。建议不从疫区进口高风险产品,对于低风险产品可以自由贸易,而对运输活鱼的水、包装、运输工具和用具等要进行强制常规消毒。     

大豆市场中长期走势向好

CBOT大豆价格自10月初开始上涨以来。涨幅已达到130美分／蒲式耳．本轮上涨行情跟大豆当前利空的供需基本面并不相符。行情的上涨最初是由小麦带动，随后则是由玉米带动，由于玉米长期前景看好，且美国玉米和大豆又处在同一生长带，玉米价格的上涨将促使农民多种玉米少种大豆．这样的前景终将导致大豆的供需平衡趋紧。因此，为了保证大豆面积不会大幅下降，大豆价格就只有跟随玉米上涨．这就造成了大豆出现本轮上涨行情。鉴于玉米价格长期看好的前景不会改变．我们认为大豆价格也进入了长期牛市行情之中．但是短期内不排除期价步入回调。下面从几个方面来论证我们的观点。     

河南省生猪屠宰违法行为治理成效分析

近年来,河南省以保障猪肉质量安全和群众身体健康为目标,通过采取充实屠宰监管力量,开展暗访巡查/飞行检查,强化技术手段、黑名单管理,启用畜禽屠宰监管平台等系列措施,严打屠宰领域违法行为,取得了明显成效。同时,也指出了当前存在企业主体责任落实不到位、监管存漏洞、法律法规不健全、行刑衔接不畅等问题。由此提出了推动主体责任落实、提升监督执法实效、健全完善法律法规、强化两法衔接、完善技术手段等对策思考。     

不同剂量25羟基维生素D3对断奶前犊牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血浆代谢物及粪便菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同剂量25羟基维生素D₃[25(OH)VD₃]对断奶前犊牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血浆代谢物及粪便菌群的影响。选取18头健康、体重[(40.68±1.20)kg]相近的新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为3个组,每组6头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,不添加25(OH)VD₃;试验组每头犊牛每天分别在基础饲粮中添加6000(低剂量组)和12000 IU(高剂量组)的25(OH)VD₃。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组体重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),高剂量组体高显著提高(P<0.05),低剂量组和高剂量组粪便评分显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组干物质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),高剂量组中性洗涤纤维(P=0.05)和钙表观消化率(P<0.05)显著提高。3)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组血浆25(OH)VD₃和钙含量显著提高(P<0.05),高剂量组血浆磷含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组血浆白细胞介素-2含量显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组粪便中毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)和普雷沃式菌科(Prevotellaceae)相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),粪便中鼠杆菌科(Muribaculaceae)、克里斯滕森菌科(Christensenellaceae)、螺旋体科(Spirochaetaceae)和未培养_细菌_o_柔膜菌纲_RF39(uncultured_bacterium_o_Mollicutes_RF39)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加25(OH)VD₃可以提高断奶前犊牛生长性能,促进营养物质消化吸收,降低炎症反应,改善粪便菌群,降低腹泻发生。     

传染性支气管炎弱毒苗黏膜途径免疫对雏鸡气管及哈德氏腺SIgA细胞分布的影响

采用传染性支气管炎弱毒苗对1日龄雏鸡分别进行点眼和滴鼻免疫.取气管和哈德氏腺做石蜡切片,以葡萄球菌A蛋白-辣根过氧化酶(SPA-HRP)免疫组化染色,对气管和哈德氏腺中SIgA细胞的分布、数量变化进行了观察.结果表明:SIgA阳性细胞分布在哈德氏腺的间质中;气管中的SIgA细胞主要分布在黏膜上皮细胞之间和固有层中,局部黏膜上皮形成的隐窝内也分布有SIgA细胞.数量统计分析表明:免疫组的哈德氏腺和气管中SIgA细胞数量显著高于对照组;点眼免疫的SIgA细胞数量比滴鼻免疫的高;加强免疫则使SIgA细胞数量进一步增多.