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91.
分子标记用于赤眼蜂分子监测的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对松毛虫赤眼蜂(Trichogramma dedrolimi Matsumura)以及玉米螟赤眼蜂(Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen)rDNA-ITS2基因的克隆测序,并联机检索GenBank核酸序列库中其它赤眼蜂的相关序列,利用核酸分析软件找到松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂ITS2序列中一段有鉴别意义的标志,并据此设计出蜂种的特异PCR引物,实现了松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂rDNA特异区带的PCR扩增。研究表明该特异区带具有种的特异性。我们认为该分子标记技术可用于目前我国生防中常用的松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟蒌眼蜂的分子监测,如田间种群动态监控和寄生效果评估。 相似文献
92.
Chemical fertilizer reduction and soil fertility maintenance in rice-fish coculture system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jian Xie Xue Wu Jianjun Tang Jiaen Zhang Xin Chen 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2010,4(4):422-429
In the long run, whether the use of chemical fertilizers could be reduced and soil fertility could be maintained through rice-fish
coculture is less well known. At the pilot site of the rice-fish coculture system, which is one of the five “globally important
agricultural heritage systems” (GIAHS), we conducted a 4-year study to compare fertilizer use, rice yield, and soil fertility
in rice-fish coculture and rice monoculture. Based on the survey data from 21 villages, rice yield did not differ between
rice monoculture and rice-fish coculture, but less chemical fertilizers were used in rice-fish coculture than in rice monoculture.
Survey data from 145 farms also showed that rice-fish coculture farms with high input of feed for fish used less chemical
fertilizers for rice production than farms with low input of feed for fish. In the 4-year field experiment, although less
fertilizer was used in rice-fish coculture, rice yield, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, and soluble phosphorus did
not differ between rice-fish coculture and rice monoculture. Our results suggest that rice-fish coculture can reduce chemical
fertilizers application, enhance land productivity, and maintain soil fertility. Our results also suggest that rice-fish coculture
could reduce the risk of non-point source pollution by reducing the input of chemical fertilizers. 相似文献
93.
94.
Anthony Winson 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):499-511
To understand the phenomenon of the rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obese children and youth, it is especially
important to examine the school food environment, the role of structural factors in shaping this environment, and the resulting
nutrition and health outcomes. The paper examines research on school food environments in the US and Canada. It notes evidence
of widespread availability of poor nutrition products in both environments and delineates reasons for the situation, and examines
initiatives presently being undertaken in a number of jurisdictions in both countries to encourage healthy eating in schools.
Empirical data are presented from a pilot study of high schools in the Canadian province of Ontario. The study documents the
extent of student purchasing of nutrient-poor foods and beverages, and the structural factors internal and external to the
school that appear responsible for the availability of such products in food environments in this critical institutional sphere.
The paper also examines positive local initiatives in high schools that seek to encourage healthy eating in schools.
Anthony Winson PhD is a professor in the department of sociology and anthropology at the University of Guelph. He has written on agriculture, food and rural development, and restructuring issues related to Canada and the Third World for more than 20 years. Among his books are The Intimate Commodity: Food and the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Canada (Garamond 1993) and, more recently, Contingent Work, Disrupted Lives (University of Toronto 2002, with Belinda Leach) which examines economic restructuring, the changing world of work, and the factors underlying sustainability in small manufacturing-dependent rural communities in several regions of Ontario. This book won the John Porter Book Prize of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association for 2003. Dr. Winson’s current work is focused on the analysis of factors shaping the contemporary Canadian food environment and their role in producing what has been termed the “epidemic of obesity.” Particular attention is being paid to supermarkets and schools as part of broader-ranging research on the political economic context of the food environment. 相似文献
Anthony WinsonEmail: |
Anthony Winson PhD is a professor in the department of sociology and anthropology at the University of Guelph. He has written on agriculture, food and rural development, and restructuring issues related to Canada and the Third World for more than 20 years. Among his books are The Intimate Commodity: Food and the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Canada (Garamond 1993) and, more recently, Contingent Work, Disrupted Lives (University of Toronto 2002, with Belinda Leach) which examines economic restructuring, the changing world of work, and the factors underlying sustainability in small manufacturing-dependent rural communities in several regions of Ontario. This book won the John Porter Book Prize of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association for 2003. Dr. Winson’s current work is focused on the analysis of factors shaping the contemporary Canadian food environment and their role in producing what has been termed the “epidemic of obesity.” Particular attention is being paid to supermarkets and schools as part of broader-ranging research on the political economic context of the food environment. 相似文献
95.
The tallgrass prairie of North America has undergone widespread habitat loss and fragmentation (<4% remains). The Flint Hills
region of Kansas and Oklahoma is the largest tallgrass prairie remaining and therefore provides an opportunity to study the
population genetic structure of grassland species in a relatively contiguous landscape and set a baseline for evaluating changes
when the habitat is fragmented. We adopted a landscape genetics approach to identify how landscape structure affected dispersal,
population genetic structure, and landscape connectivity of the Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) across a 13,500-km2 landscape in northeastern Kansas, USA. The racer population had high allelic diversity, high heterozygosity, and was maintaining
migration-drift equilibrium. Autocorrelation between genetic and geographic distance revealed that racers exhibited restricted
dispersal within 3 km, and isolation-by-distance. Significant isolation-by-distance occurred at broad regional scales (>100 km),
but because of sufficient gene flow between locations, we were unable to define discrete subpopulations using Bayesian clustering
analyses. Resistance distance, which considers the permeability of habitats, did not explain significant variation in genetic
distance beyond Euclidean distance alone, suggesting that racers are not currently influenced by landscape composition. In
northeastern Kansas, racers appear to be an abundant and continuously distributed snake that perceives the landscape as well
connected with no cover type currently impeding snake dispersal or gene flow. 相似文献
96.
Kun?Zong Jian?Huang Kazuhide?Nara Yahua?Chen Zhenguo?Shen Chunlan?LianEmail author 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(6):493-500
To advance our understanding of the effects of inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) on seedling colonization in mine wastelands, we conducted a field experiment in a copper tailing. Six-month-old seedlings of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and oak (Quercus variabilis) separately inoculated with three EMF species (Pisolithus sp., Cenococcum geophilum, Laccaria laccata) were transplanted to the copper tailing. The survival rates of tree seedlings were monitored monthly, and growth (biomass and height), contents of nutrients and heavy metals (K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn), and mycorrhizal infection rates of seedlings were determined 6 months after planting. Oak seedlings exhibited higher survival rates than pine seedlings after 6 months of growth on the tailing. EMF inoculations of pine seedlings significantly enhanced their survival, growth, and nutrient uptake. In contrast, EMF inoculations of oak seedlings improved growth only in terms of biomass. Additionally, EMF inoculation caused pine seedlings to accumulate more Cu and Zn in roots compared to non-inoculated seedlings, whereas inoculation inhibited the accumulation of heavy metals in shoots. However, similar results were not observed in oak seedlings. Observations of roots indicated that the rates of mycorrhizal infection of both tree species had dramatically declined at harvest time. In conclusion, ectomycorrhizal symbioses can improve the survival and performance of pine seedlings in mine tailings. The present study provided direct evidence of the importance of EMF inoculation of seedlings to the reforestation of mine wastelands. 相似文献
97.
依据2007年4月和8月在乐清湾28°05′~28°35′N、121°00′~121°20′E海域进行海洋综合调查,对乐清湾营养水平指标(E)和有机污染指数(A)值的空间分布特征进行研究,讨论这些分布特征与营养盐、潮流场、污染源和叶绿素之间的联系。结果表明,乐清湾E值和A值分布趋势基本相同,都是由内湾向外湾数量逐渐减少。相关分析表明:溶解态磷酸盐(D IP)和溶解态无机氮(D IN)与E值、A值之间都有密切的相关关系(P=0.000 0),因而是污染乐清湾水体的主要因子。营养盐分布特征的形成,主要由乐清湾地形、潮流、污染源和叶绿素特征决定的,在乐清湾海域,沿外湾东部的海槽是乐清湾中湾和外湾涨落潮的主要路径,形成外湾较低的D IP和D IN值。而养殖污染带来总氮和总磷的数量分别接近和超过50%,因而是乐清湾水体变劣的重要外源性污染物,其次是生活污水和化肥的输入。夏季,浮游植物对营养盐大量利用,有效地减少了乐清湾营养盐的含量,进一步导致水体营养水平指标(E)和有机污染指数(A)值的降低。4月乐清湾水体处于富营养化、严重污染和亚健康状态。8月,内湾和中湾属于污染海域,处于亚健康状态。外湾大部分属于较清洁海域,处于健... 相似文献
98.
99.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
100.
A water and dye-free heat treatment method was used to color wool fibers. The heat effect changed wool fibers to different colors from white in a nitrogen atmosphere. The influences of heating temperature and time on the colors of wool were investigated and the mechanical property of colored wool fibers was evaluated. The color strength of wool fibers increased as heat treatment temperature and time increased. The tensile strength retention rate of wool fiber was relatively high (≥90 %) when the heat temperature was below 200 °C. The surface morphologies of wool fibers scarcely changed during the heat treatment. The carbon content of fibers was found to reduce by heat treatment, indicating oxidization of components in the wool fibers in the process of coloration. Heat treatment may provide a water and dye-free approach to color wool and other textile fibers, albeit within a limited color range. 相似文献