湖北省水稻大面积主栽品种对稻瘟病的田间抗性鉴定

对湖北省14个大面积推广的主栽品种的抗稻瘟病性进行了田间自然诱发鉴定.结果表明,对叶稻瘟,除Ⅱ优725、扬两优6号、金优725表现为中抗外,其余11个品种均表现为抗到高抗;对穗颈瘟,除丰两优1号及扬两优6号表现为感病外,其余12个品种均表现为抗到高抗:品种对叶稻瘟与穗颈瘟之间的抗病性没有明显的对应性.     

娄彻氏链霉菌ZZ-9菌株发酵液对小麦幼苗的促生作用

娄彻氏链霉菌(Streptomyces rochei)ZZ-9菌株(专利保存号:CGMCC No.15245)是一株稳定性较强、对多种真菌病害病菌具有很好抑制效果的生防菌株。为了明确其对小麦的促生作用,通过室内盆栽试验研究不同稀释倍数的生防菌ZZ-9发酵液对小麦幼苗生长的影响,测定ZZ-9菌液灌根处理后小麦体内丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素质量浓度和多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化。结果表明:生防菌ZZ-9不同剂量的发酵液对小麦幼苗均有一定的促生作用,其中以发酵液原液促生效果最明显,第2次灌根处理10d后,小麦幼苗株高和根长增幅最大,分别为43.60%(P0.05)和49.80%(P0.05);PPO和PAL活性显著增强,增幅分别为106.67%(P0.05)和58.70%(P0.05);叶绿素质量浓度较对照增加56.53%(P0.05);MDA质量摩尔浓度较对照降低了53.62%(P0.05)。可见,娄彻氏链霉菌生防菌株ZZ-9对小麦幼苗生长具有明显的促生作用,有望为新型多功能生物制剂的开发提供优良的菌种资源。     

Effects of graded levels of dietary myo‐inositol on non‐specific immune and specific immune parameters in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of myo‐inositol (MI) on non‐specific immune and specific immune defence in fish. A total of 1050 Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (22.28±0.07 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups, of three replicates each, of feeding diets containing graded levels of MI (163.5, 232.7, 384.2, 535.8, 687.3, 838.8 and 990.3 mg MI kg^?1 diet). After a 60‐day growth trial, an infectious trial was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 17 days. Results showed that the red blood cell (RBC) and the white blood cell count were significantly increased with increasing MI levels up to 535.8 mg kg^?1 diet (P<0.05). The spleen index showed a tendency similar to RBC, whereas the head kidney index showed the inverse pattern (P<0.05). The phagocytic activity of leucocytes, haemagglutination titre, lysozyme activity, anti‐A. hydrophila antibody titre and immunoglobulin M, after being injected with A. hydrophila, were all improved with an increase in the MI levels up to 232.7–687.3 mg kg^?1 diet respectively (P<0.05). Myo‐inositol did not influence serum acid phosphatase activity and total iron‐binding capacity (P>0.05). These results suggested that MI could enhance non‐specific immune and specific immune responses in fish.     

Effect of different ions on larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Metamorphic responses of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to different ions were investigated through a series of bioassays. Effects of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) on inductive effects of these above ions were also investigated. Excess ions including Li⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺ and Ca²⁺ induced larval metamorphosis at 10^?3 M to 5 × 10^?2 M in 24‐h exposure assays. In continuous exposure assays, only excess Ca²⁺ showed inductive activity and induced 25% metamorphosis at 5 × 10^?2 M. Larval responses to Li⁺ and Rb⁺were inhibited by TEA, while induction of metamorphosis by Cs⁺and Ca²⁺ was independent of the presence of TEA. Thus, these ions used can be useful inducers of larval metamorphosis for application in the aquaculture industry. The finding provides new insights on the biochemical mechanism controlling larval metamorphosis in this species.     

Birth of puppies of predetermined sex after artificial insemination with a low number of sex‐sorted,frozen–thawed spermatozoa in field conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate fertility and sex ratios after artificial insemination in dogs under field conditions. Semen was cryopreserved as unsorted (control) or was separated into X‐ and Y‐chromosome‐bearing sperm using a cell sorter. Sixty female dogs were inseminated with frozen–thawed spermatozoa of 100 × 10⁶ unsorted (a dose in practice) and 4 × 10⁶ sorted (X and Y group, respectively). A total of 20 dogs became pregnant and 126 puppies were born from the three groups. The percentage of parturition was similar for the X (5/20; 25.0%) and Y (4/20; 20.0%) group (P > 0.05), but lower than controls (11/20; 55.0%) (P < 0.05). Ultimately 28 out of the 32 puppies produced from X group were female (87.5%) and 19/22 (86.4%) puppies of Y group were male. In contrast, sex ratio (51.4% to 48.6%) in the control was significantly different from the X, Y group (P < 0.05). However, male and female puppies in the control had similar birth weights and weaning weights to those from the X and Y groups. This preliminary information indicated that normal puppies of predicted sex can be produced with low numbers of sorted cryopreserved dog spermatozoa at a farm level, making sperm‐sexing technology potentially applicable for elite breeding units.     

一种基于RPA的番茄褪绿病毒检测方法

番茄褪绿病毒Tomato chlorosis virus(ToCV)引起番茄褪绿病毒病,给番茄生产造成严重危害。开发快速准确的检测方法对该病害的防控具有重要意义。利用番茄褪绿病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列,设计特异性引物,建立了ToCV的重组酶聚合酶等温扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA)检测方法,同时分析了该方法的灵敏度和特异性。结果表明,建立的ToCV-RPA方法在38℃恒温下40 min可从ToCV阳性的番茄样品中扩增出246 bp的特异性条带。扩增时间短,对设备要求低,且与番茄其他病毒无交叉反应,特异性好,灵敏度可达到PCR方法的10倍,适用于ToCV的快速检测。     

小麦中重金属镉测定的分析与研究

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法由于灵敏度高,检出限低,自动化程度高,被广泛用于重金属元素的分析检测。利用干法灰化法对小麦样品进行前处理,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测,探讨仪器分析最佳试验条件。该方法检测结果表明,相对标准偏差为0.20%,加标回收率为82.0%～99.5%。     

Using Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal as replacement for fish meal in the diet of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides,Hamilton)

The potential of Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a partial alternative component of fish meal (FM) in fed diets of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was evaluated in this study. An FM‐based diet and seven diets containing 10%, 20% and 30% and 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of FM replaced by soybean meal (SBM) and FSBM, respectively, were fed to grouper for 84 days to evaluate possible substitution levels of FM by tracking growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and morphological changes in the liver and distal intestine. No significant differences in survival and muscle composition of grouper were found between controls and treatments. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish fed diets with FM replaced by FSBM up to 30% were not significantly different from controls, whereas significantly decreased growth performance and feed efficiency occurred with diets containing >20% of SBM. Based on the feed efficiency, the maximum substituted levels of FM by SBM and FSBM in grouper diets were 18.36% and 29.32%, respectively, based on broken‐line analyses. Histopathological changes in the liver and distal intestine, and significantly lower activity levels of digestive enzymes, including pepsin in the stomach and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the distal intestine, were found in fish fed a diet containing 30% of FM replaced by SBM. However, these parameters were improved by the substitution of FSBM. It is therefore believed that FSBM has great potential to be used as a protein source in grouper diets in partial replacement of FM.     

鸡粪中氨氮降解菌的分离鉴定及除氨适宜条件研究

【目的】氨气是畜禽养殖业中最常见、危害最大的有害气体之一。为了获得用于治理畜禽粪便氨气污染的微生物,从发酵3 d的鸡粪中分离筛选高效氨氮降解菌,研究其对鸡粪的除氨效果。【方法】以硫酸铵为唯一氮源,对鸡粪中具有氨氮降解能力的微生物进行连续10代的富集培养,将获得的富集培养液按10^-1梯度稀释后进行分离纯化。分离得到的单菌落接种至富集培养基中,培养24h后,测定培养基中剩余的氨氮含量,比较各菌株之间的氨氮降解率,筛选出具有高效氨氮降解能力的菌株。通过形态观察、分子生物学以及生物化学的方法进行菌株鉴定。研究不同温度（20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃）和pH（3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0）对菌株生长的影响,探索不同碳源（淀粉、甘露醇、柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖、乙酸钠、碳酸氢钠）、C/N（5、10、20、40）以及初始氨氮浓度（100、300、600、1 200mg·L^-1）对菌株氨氮降解性能的影响。最后将得到的目标菌株制成菌悬液,按10%的接种量接种到鸡粪中,同时以等量无菌生理盐水作为对照组,分别培养24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h,测定鸡粪的氨气散发量以及不同形态氮素的变化情况,评价目标菌株对鸡粪的除氨效果。【结果】通过富集培养,从鸡粪中共分离出15株能够降解氨氮的菌株,进一步筛选得到1株氨氮高效降解菌LSA,经鉴定为克柔假丝酵母（Candida krusei）,与Candida krusei isolate EM12（JF274497.1）的相似性达到99%,GenBank中的登录号为KT025851。该菌株的对数生长期为6-12h,可在pH 3-7,20-40℃条件下生长,能够分别利用葡萄糖、乙酸钠、淀粉、柠檬酸钠、甘露醇作为碳源,不能利用无机碳,当培养基的C/N为20时氨氮去除效果最佳。随着培养基中初始氨氮浓度的升高,菌株LSA对氨氮的降解率呈现下降趋势;与之相反,氨氮降解速率则随着初始浓度的升高呈现升高趋势。当氨氮初始浓度为327.20mg·L^-1时,60h内菌株LSA对氨氮的去除率达到71.88%,菌体含量为OD₆₀₀ 2.45;当氨氮初始浓度为1 105.26mg·L^-1时,96h内菌株LSA对氨氮的去除率达到57.44%,菌体含量达到OD₆₀₀ 2.96。将其接种到鸡粪中可以显著降低鸡粪中氨氮的含量,最高可降低22.30%;减少粪中氨气的挥发量,最高可降低15.92%;增加粪便总氮含量;降低粪便氨氮占总氮的比重。【结论】克柔假丝酵母（Candida krusei）LSA菌株具有高效氨氮降解能力和较强的环境适应性,可有效减少鸡粪中的氨氮含量,降低氨气的挥发量。     

银杏外种皮综合利用的研究

从银杏外种皮中提取的银杏酚酸和白果酚有杀虫、杀菌作用。银杏酚酸和银杏黄素、银杏异黄素混合物对致病性真菌生长有明显抑制作用 ,且有抗过敏、抗炎等作用。同时测定了银杏外种皮中萜内酯的含量和微量元素、氨基酸、蛋白质的含量。结果表明 :银杏外种皮有综合利用和开发的前景