昆虫滞育虫态及感应光周期的敏感阶段

昆虫属变温动物,为度过不良环境条件,许多昆虫利用滞育特性适应环境的变化,通过对昆虫滞育及感应光周期的敏感阶段进行描述,拟让人们更清楚地了解昆虫滞育期及感应光周期敏感阶段昆虫生物学特性。     

野菜新品种桂特一号大叶菊花菜的种植表现及品质特性

【目的】明确桂特一号大叶菊花菜的替代优势,以更新品种,筛选出更适合广西南宁市及周边地区种植的食苗菊优良品种。【方法】以大叶菊花脑为对照品种,通过栽培试验,对桂特一号大叶菊花菜和大叶菊花脑的形态指标、产量性状等进行比较。【结果】桂特一号大叶菊花菜的单枝商品嫩茎重平均为4．48g,比对照重1．20g,达极显著水平;其年产量为64245．5kg／ha,比对照增产89．3％,达极显著水平;桂特一号大叶菊花菜的蛋白质、维生素、黄酮类物质含量均高于对照,而纤维素含量比对照低231％。【结论】桂特一号大叶菊花菜具有采收时间长、产量高、品质好等特点,是值得推广种植的保健蔬菜新品种。     

口服理囊散治疗卵泡囊肿奶牛B超影像学研究

旨在研究口服理囊散对卵泡囊肿奶牛卵巢和子宫形态学指标变化的影响,探讨理囊散治疗卵泡囊肿的作用机理。通过直肠检查结合B超对卵泡囊肿奶牛做出诊断后,对囊肿奶牛口服理囊散,运用B超每3d测量1次囊肿卵泡直径、卵巢长、卵巢宽、子宫角纵径和子宫颈纵径,并与灌药前进行对比。结果显示,32头卵泡囊肿奶牛口服理囊散后,治疗有效者28头,治疗有效率为87.5%;囊肿卵泡直径在口服理囊散的第4天显著减小(P<0.05),灌药后第7天达到正常,部分奶牛发情并排卵;囊肿卵巢的长宽和口服理囊散前相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但均达到正常卵巢大小;子宫角纵径在口服理囊散后第16天下降显著P<0.05),其余时间不显著(P>0.05);子宫颈纵径在口服理囊散后变化不显著(P>0.05),但均低于灌药前。说明B超是诊断卵泡囊肿的有效手段,理囊散对卵泡囊肿奶牛卵巢和子宫形态学变化具有一定的作用,对治疗卵泡囊肿奶牛也有明显效果。     

双垄沟秋季全覆膜技术应用效果分析

宁夏同心县下马关镇南塬村是一个没有外来客水灌溉的村庄,近些年气候干暖化使该地雨养农业面临严峻挑战.通过对该区域农户调研数据与气象数据的分析,从技术、经济和社会3个方面对双垄沟秋覆膜技术在该区域的可接受性进行分析.得出如下结论:双垄沟秋季全覆膜播种技术在技术层面上能够有效改善作物生长条件;在经济层面上能够有效增加粮食产量;在社会层面上符合农民的种植习惯,农民的接受程度较好.     

Effects of Xijiao Dihuang and Yinqiao San decoction on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in mouse lung tissues and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells infected with influenza virus

AIM：To investigate the effects of Xijiao Dihuang and Yinqiao San decoction (XDY) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in mouse lung tissues and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMVECs) infected with influenza virus, and to explore its mechanism for treatment of viral pneumonia. METHODS：Fifty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and XDY group (n=18 in each group). The viral pneumonia model was established by intranasally dripping influenza A (H1N1) virus into the mice. The mice in XDY group were treated with XDY 1 h after dripping the virus. The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in lung tissues was examined by immunohistochemical staining 2, 4 and 6 d after infection. On the other hand, RPMVECs were obtained from male Wistar rats and primarily cultured. The cells were randomly divided into control group, virus group, virus+XDY group, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) group and TNF-α+XDY group. The mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was evaluated by real-time PCR and flow cytometry 24 h after infection. RESULTS：Virus exposure increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in mouse lung tissues (P<0.01), and XDY treatment attenuated this effect (P<0.01). Virus and TNF-α both led to the increases in mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in RPMVECs (P<0.01), which were also reduced by treatment with XDY (P<0.01). CONCLUSION：Treatment with XDY decreases virus-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, suggesting an important role of XDY in treatment of viral pneumonia.     

耕地适宜性评价与施肥推荐研究——以金坛市小麦为例

通过构建小麦适宜性评价模型,对小麦耕地适宜性进行分等定级,在此基础上探讨了小麦数字化施肥技术。评价体系选取障碍层类型、排涝模数、pH等16个评价指标,构建5个准则层,采用层次分析模型和隶属度模型,通过加法模型计算出耕地地力综合指数,将小麦适宜性分4个等级。高度适宜面积占总耕地面积的31.7%,适宜面积占48.3%,勉强适宜面积占12.1%,不适宜面积占7.9%。根据适宜性评价结果,结合小麦施肥参数,制定2个小麦肥料配方(N-P2O5-K2O)15-15-10、18-12-10。实践表明,该方法较传统施肥减少N投入55 kg/hm2,氮肥利用率较习惯施肥的33.2%提高到37.7%。     

Mulberrofuran G and Isomulberrofuran G from Morus alba L.: Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activity and Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation

Mulberrofuran G (1) and isomulberrofuran G (2), a pair of isomeric Diels-Alder-type adducts, were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L. Isomulberrofuran G (2) as a new IIB-type Diels-Alder-type adduct, was elucidated by extensive (1)H, (13)C, and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) spectroscopic analyses. A fragmentation study on compounds 1 and 2 was performed by high-resolution electrospray ionization (ESI) multistage tandem mass spectrometry linked with ion-trap (IT) and time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzers (ESI-MS(n)/IT-TOF) in negative mode, which resulted in obviously different fragmentations. In the MS(2) experiments, the characteristic ions at m/z 451 and 439 could be revealed as their respective diagnostic ions. Mulberrofuran G (1) showed moderate activity, inhibiting hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication with the IC(50) value of 3.99 μM, according to the anti-HBV assay on the HepG 2.2.15 cell line in vitro.     

Effects of long-term compost and fertilizer application on stability of aggregate-associated organic carbon in an intensively cultivated sandy loam soil

The study examined the influence of compost and mineral fertilizer application on the content and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil samples collected from a long-term field experiment were separated into macroaggregate, microaggregate, and silt + clay fractions by wet-sieving. The experiment involved seven treatments: compost, half-compost N plus half-fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK, and control. The 18-year application of compost increased SOC by 70.7–121.7%, and mineral fertilizer increased by 5.4–25.5%, with no significant difference between control soil and initial soil. The C mineralization rate (rate per unit dry mass) in microaggregates was 1.52–2.87 mg C kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, significantly lower than in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions (P < 0.05). Specific C mineralization rate (rate per unit SOC) in silt + clay fraction amounted to 0.48–0.87 mg C g⁻¹ SOC day⁻¹ and was higher than in macroaggregates and microaggregates. Our data indicate that SOC in microaggregates is more stable than in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions. Compost and mineral fertilizer application increased C mineralization rate in all aggregates compared with control. However, compost application significantly decreased specific C mineralization rate in microaggregate and silt + clay fractions by 2.6–28.2% and 21.9–25.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). By contrast, fertilizer NPK application did not affect specific C mineralization rate in microaggregates but significantly increased that in silt + clay fractions. Carbon sequestration in compost-amended soil was therefore due to improving SOC stability in microaggregate and silt + clay fractions. In contrast, fertilizer NPK application enhanced SOC with low stability in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions.