化学除草剂在幼林抚育上的应用

应用化学除草剂进行幼林抚育,与传统的人工除草对比,具有工效高、成本低、除草彻底等优点,值得应用推广。     

No consistent daily variation in DNA methylation detected in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus nigra</Emphasis> leaves by methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism analysis

DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression, has an important biological role in plant development and environmental fitness. Since plant DNA methylation is closely related to environmental conditions, variation during the day is expected. Here, in genetically identical plants of Populus nigra clone N46, DNA methylation changes in leaves over a 24 h period were detected using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results showed different DNA methylation patterns in mature poplar leaves: not only in individuals at the same time, but also in samples at each of the six time during the day. In addition, night samples had a higher percentage of methylation than in morning samples. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the samples gathered at different times. Similar results were obtained for three other P. nigra clones with different genetic backgrounds. Real time qPCR showed that the DNA methyltransferase genes Pt-MET1 and Pt-SOM1 involved in CG DNA methylation in poplar were stable over a 24 h period in leaves of P. nigra N46 compared with circadian-controlled genes. That could be part of the reason that methylation of CCGG sites is stable in those leaves. That DNA methylation differed even in genetically identical plants indicates the specificity of DNA methylation changes in their genomes. No statistically significant differences in methylation changes were found between day and night, suggesting that DNA methylation is more stable than expected and is unlikely to be involved in circadian regulation in plants.     

Relationship between stomatal behavior and characteristics of photosynthesis and transpiration of Adenophora Iobophylla and A. potaninii at different altitudes

The photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics ofAdenophora Iobophylla and A. potaninii, as well as stomatal behavior such as stomatal size, stomatal density, stomatal open and stomatal conductivity were measured at different altitudes. The relationship between the photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics and the stomatal behavior was analysed by correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis with altitude changes.The results showed that the influences of stomatal behavior were not evident on the photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics of A. Lobophylla, but evident on that of A. potaninii.     

波兰引进花楸的生物学特性及组织培养研究

以波兰引进花楸嫩茎为试验材料,利用组织培养技术,筛选出诱导分化、继代增殖和生根的最佳培养基。结果表明：芽继代增殖培养基为：wpm＋6-BA 1.0mg/L＋NAA 0.1mg/L＋2%蔗糖,pH=5.8;最佳壮苗培养基为wpm＋6-BA 0.2mg/L＋NAA 0.5mg/L;生根适宜培养基为wpm＋NAA 0.5mg/L,生根率达98%。     

云南松林凋落物表层细小可燃物含水率预测模型研建

在2008年防火期2～5级火险天气条件下,在云南松纯林测定了137组林内气温(x1)、相对湿度(x2)、凋落物层表面温度(x3)、腐殖质层表面温度(x4)、凋落物层厚度(x5)、凋落物表层细小可燃物含水率(y)数据.分析表明,影响云南松林凋落物上层细小可燃物含水率的因子依次为:x3>x2>x4>x1,凋落物层厚度与含水率相关性很小.可以不参与模型的建立.用多元回归方法建立了云南松林细小可燃物含水率预测模型.新落叶的含水率对火环境因子的响应滞后是造成模型误差的主要原因.     

A new coumestan with immunosuppressive activities from Flemingia philippinensis

A new coumestan, 1,3,9-trihydroxy-8-methoxycoumestan, named flemicoumestan A 1 together with nine isoflavone-related compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Flemingia philippinensis. Their structures were elucidated and confirmed by spectroscopic methods and literature data. Compounds 3 and 4 showed strong lymphocyte proliferation inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 1.04-2.76 μM, and the low cytotoxicity with the CC₅₀ value of 71.01 and 56.36 μM, respectively.     

Spatial fluctuation of forest fires and their regional behaviors

Historical forest fire records from Alaska State (1950–2000), California State (1895-2001), USA and Heilongjiang Province (1980–1999), China were used to calculate the longitude and latitude of the annual burned area’s centroids for these regions. Fluctuation phenomena by year were analyzed using spectrum analysis. The results show that centroids of burned areas in these three regions are in a fluctuating condition that encircles the distribution center. The distribution centers are 151.11°W, 64.96°N in Alaska State, 120.02°W, 37.11°N in California State and 127.07°E, 49.59°N in Heilongjiang Province, respectively. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in longitude has obvious periodicity, and the periodicities are 4.2 years, 6.25 years in Alaska State and 6.24 years, 106 years in California State. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Heilongjiang Province has a periodicity both in longitude and latitude, and the periodicities are both 3.3 years, 6.67 years. Fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in latitude does not have periodicity, and big forest fires with low frequencies predominate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(5): 89–103 [译自: 林业科学]     

广东南澳岛主要森林群落与植物多样性研究

在样方调查的基础上,对南澳岛的主要森林群落进行研究,结果表明,主要森林群落的乔木树种多样性表现为次生林〉人工林,群落各层次植物多样性基本符合灌木层〉乔木层〉草本层的格局;现有的台湾相思、山杜英＋鸭脚木、鸭脚木、珊瑚树等群落为较稳定的群落结构。据此提出了人工林分的改造意见。     

森林火险中长期预测预报研究进展

概述了我国和美国、加拿大的森林火险中长期预测预报的理论和方法。国内研究大多建立在对历史火灾资料与气象资料进行统计分析研究的基础上, 预测结果多是定性的、间断性的。美国和加拿大则依托成熟的全国性森林火险等级系统, 结合气象局的中长期降水和温度预报, 给出各火险指数实时的一周尺度预报及每周1次的16周尺度的季节性预报。我国今后应加强森林火险的中长期预测预报研究, 要由单纯定性分析转向定量化研究, 由一般数理统计模型转向具有明显物理意义的数学物理模型。     

Surface characterization of a series of cured polyurethane adhesives by inverse gas chromatography and adhesion strength testing of plywood

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to determine the surface properties of a series of polyurethane adhesives, A ₁, A ₂, A ₃ and A ₄ cured with water. The weight percentages of isocyanate group (NCO) in polyurethane adhesives were 5.3, 7.0, 13.0 and 19.6%, respectively. Four n-alkanes, C₆, C₇, C₈ and C₉ were chosen as non-polar probes to characterize the dispersive component of surface free energy, $ \gamma_{s}^{d} . $ Acetone, tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate were chosen as polar probes to detect the Lewis acid–base parameters, K _a and K _b. The trend of $ \gamma_{s}^{d} $ and K _a and K _b of the series of cured adhesives was also shown in this paper. The cured adhesives were all amphoteric, but predominantly Lewis basic. The adhesion strength of the poplar plywood bonded with polyurethane adhesives was tested. The results showed that the adhesion strength of plywood increased with increasing the NCO content of the adhesives and K _b/K _a of the cured adhesives.