枣采后果肉软化的生化和细胞超微结构变化

枣采后在软化过程中,果肉淀粉含量下降,淀粉酶活性上升,原果胶含量减少,可溶性果胶含量增加,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（ＰＧ）活性下降;果肉薄壁细胞内含物减少乃至降解成丝状,细胞壁中胶层降解,相邻细胞分离,细胞壁保留。半红期采收的鲜枣采后果皮能够继续转红,果肉的软化发生在果实全红之后,果肉颜色的变化可指示果肉软化的程度。     

Response of CREG1 promoter to serum starvation in human vascular cells

AIM: In order to explore the regulatory mechanisms of the human cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (hCREG1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-HITASY and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we clone and construct hCREG1 promoter vector to detect its expression in different vascular cells. METHODS: With the results of biological information, the fragments including -3 677 bp, -2 310 bp and -945 bp upstream sequences of hCREG1 were amplified respectively using human genomic DNA template by PCR. The products were inserted into pMD18-T vector, and then were subcloned into pEGFP-1 report vector to obtain the pEGFP-hCREG1-promoter vectors. The pEGFP-hCREG1-P3677, pEGFP-hCREG1-P2310 and pEGFP-hCREG1-P945 vectors were transfected into HITASY cells and HUVECs transiently and the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was detected respectively by Western blotting and fluorescent microscope. RESULTS: It was confirmed that all three PCR fragments inserted into vectors were corrected by sequencing analysis. However, the expression of GFP was different significantly in both types of vascular cells. The expression of GFP in HUVECs was higher than that in HITASY cells. Meanwhile, the expression of GFP in HITASY cells with 0.5% FBS was increased obviously compared to that in HITASY cells with 10% FBS. CONCLUSION: The reporter vectors of hCREG1 promoter are constructed successfully in which the core promoter region might be located in -945 bp-0 bp of 5′ upstream sequences. This study will provide an experimental basis for exploring the regulation of hCREG1 expression.     

红托鹅膏生态环境研究

以武定狮山为样点,对红托鹅膏的生境进行了初步研究。结果表明,红托鹅膏主要生长于滇青冈、滇石栎等阔叶林或针（云南松）阔混交林中,其生长的土表层疏松、透气、潮湿,具有厚4 cm~9 cm的腐叶层,有稀薄的阳光透入,土层有机质含量高,矿物质养分丰富,土壤容重较小,偏微酸性（pH5.4~5.7）。子实体分化发育较适宜的温度为19℃~21℃,空气湿度为75%~86%,土壤含水量为38%~50%,并每天保证1 300 lx~2 000 lx的光照2 h~5 h,200 lx~900 lx的弱光6 h~9 h。     

Analysis of genetic variation in eggplant and related Solanum species using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

Collection and characterization of all sorts of germplasm resources are required for the development of new cultivars. Molecular characterization is more reliable than morphological characterization. Here, we employed sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to evaluate genetic variation in a diverse collection of 56 Solanum accessions. Fifty-five SRAP primer combinations were used and a total of 635 polymorphic bands were observed. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on similarity matrices indicated that there were three clusters: (i) S. melongena; (ii) S. aethiopicum; (iii) S. surattense. The coefficients of genetic similarity among all the accessions ranged from 0.04 to 0.96 with an average of 0.73, and averaged 0.78 among S. melongena accessions originated from China, indicating extensive genetic variation. These results demonstrated that SRAP can be efficiently used to estimate genetic diversity and analyze phylogenetic relationship.     

白檀未成熟胚的器官发生和植株再生

以白檀未成熟胚为试材,以改良MS为培养基,研究了白檀未成熟胚的器官发生和植株再生.结果表明:改良MS(mMS)能够很好的诱导愈伤组织,在添加了0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA的培养基中,诱导率高达92.5％;胚性愈伤组织分化最佳培养基为mMS+0.25 mg/L 6-BA+0.15 mg/L NAA,分化率为72.4％;分化出的胚性愈伤组织在空白mMS培养基上继代培养15 d,76.6％的组织分化出芽,再转入1/2mMS+ 1.5％蔗糖培养基上培养20 d,芽长至1.5 cm.     

木耳菌渣对烤烟生长及产量质量的影响

[目的]研究木耳菌渣对烟草生长、产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响.[方法]采用大田试验方法,设对照组和试验组,对照组施用木耳菌渣0t/hm2,试验组施用木耳菌渣11.25t/hm2和15.00t/hm2,测定和分析旺长期烟田土壤理化性质和烟叶旺长生长期养分、农艺性状、评吸质量、产量和品质.[结果]两组试验组施用菌渣后,土...     

异噁草酮对土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响

本试验检测了异噁草酮处理土壤后土壤中微生物群落数量和土壤酶活性变化,目的在于研究异噁草酮对土壤微生态产生的影响。结果表明:土壤中异噁草酮有效成分浓度为200、500μg/kg和700μg/kg时,促进土壤中细菌和真菌数量增长,该数量在处理7d之内就会明显变化,并且此影响随异噁草酮使用浓度的提高而增强,但异噁草酮对放线菌的数量无显著影响。施用异噁草酮后,土壤酶活性反应程度由高到低的顺序为:转化酶多酚氧化酶过氧化氢酶。本研究中异噁草酮施入土壤后,除对多酚氧化酶有明显抑制作用,且该抑制作用在短时间内可恢复外,对土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性都有促进作用。     

中国花生网斑病研究

花生网斑病是我国花生上新发生的一种叶部病害，近年来蔓延迅速，为害严重，经１９８３－１９９２年历时１０年的系统研究，摸清了该病症状、发生和为害规律、分布特点；明确该病的发生与主要发病因子的关联性；于国内首次明确了该病原菌的分类地位；摸清了病害发生程度与花生荚果产量损失率之间的函数关系，找出了受害较敏感的花生物候期，建立了防治经济阈值模型；筛选出目前最好的杀菌剂、生物制剂和物理保护剂以及较抗病的花生品     

关键环境因子对桃小食心虫出土羽化动态的影响

为明确有效积温、土壤含水量对桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii Matsumura出土羽化的影响,在室内控制土壤温、湿度的条件下测定了越冬代和第1代各生命阶段的有效积温,于2010—2015年在山西省临县枣园对越冬幼虫和成虫动态进行调查,并对田间土壤温度和含水量进行系统监测。结果表明:桃小食心虫室内越冬幼虫出土积温为258.2日度;而受5月份首次有效降雨日的影响,田间出土积温存在384.2~764.6日度的年度变化。土壤含水量对越冬幼虫出土模式及出土率有显著影响。持续干旱或土壤高湿均可导致双峰现象,土壤高湿的频繁出现还可显著降低幼虫出土率。通过6年田间监测数据的分析表明,越冬幼虫首现日与有效降雨日无显著相关性,而首现日有效积温(y)与降雨日有效积温(x)呈极显著正相关,回归方程为y=0.7758x+188.16(r=0.997,P0.001)。     

PEG介导的玉米弯孢叶斑病菌遗传转化

为了探索不同酶系组成对玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的影响,建立该病菌原生质体遗传转化系统,采用酶系混合物裂解菌丝体制备原生质体,采用PEG介导方法进行原生质遗传转化,通过PCR和Southern blotting技术对转化子进行验证。结果表明:1%溶壁酶+1%蜗牛酶+1%纤维素酶混合酶系为玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的最佳酶系,可以产生原生质体6.78×106 cfu/mL。用PEG介导方法转化共获得16个稳定的转化子,从中随机挑取5个转化子发现质粒pV2已被成功整合到基因组中。本研究获得了制备玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体的最佳酶系,建立了PEG介导的原生质体遗传转化体系,为开展该菌致病相关基因克隆和基因功能研究提供了一种手段。