农业科研单位的国资监管:依据、模式及其重构

"十一五"以来,国家财政对农业科研投入逐年增加,农业科研单位硬件设施不断改善,资产规模迅速膨胀。但当前农业科研单位的国资监管情况不尽如人意:产权不清、体制不顺、效率低下、效果不明,以至个别农业科研单位存在"监管意识淡薄、运作事企不分"等国资管理问题。该文立足农业科研单位的特点,以理论和法律为国资监管依据,在借鉴国外国资监管模式、区分农业科研单位的国资类别的基础上,提出"在不同类别国资的监管目标的指引下采用不同监管思路与监管手段才有可能取得监管绩效"的观点,并重构了农业科研单位"一体两翼、集分结合"的非经营性国资监管模式与"抓住一头、放开一片"的经营性国资监管模式。     

多功能净化柱和固相萃取双重净化-液相色谱质谱法检测青贮饲料中莠去津及其代谢物的残留

采用多功能净化柱和MCX柱双重为样品的前处理方法,建立了青贮玉米中莠去津及其6种主要代谢产物的高效液相色谱质谱联用分析方法。试样经乙腈水提取,C18色谱柱梯度分离,并以基质匹配曲线外标法定量。结果表明:莠去津及其代谢物在2～100μg/kg范围内线性良好,标准曲线相关系数r均大于0.99。在2～50μg/kg浓度范围内,平均添加回收率在71.01%～113.34%,相对标准偏差为2.58%～15.46%,各目标物检出限(LOD)为1μg/kg,定量检出想(LOQ)为2μg/kg。本方法重现性好,准确度高,能够满足青贮玉米中残留检测的需要。     

Cardiomyopathy in α-Kinase 3 (ALPK3)-Deficient Mice

Cardiomyopathy developed in mice deficient for α-kinase 3 (ALPK3), a nuclear kinase previously implicated in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Alpk3 (-/-) mice were produced according to normal Mendelian ratios and appeared normal except for a nonprogressive cardiomyopathy that had features of both hypertrophic and dilated forms of cardiomyopathy. Cardiac hypertrophy in Alpk3 (-/-) mice was characterized by increased thickness of both left and right ventricular (LV and RV) walls and by markedly increased heart weight and increased heart weight/body weight and heart weight/tibia length ratios. Magnetic resonance imaging studies confirmed the increased thickness in both septal and LV free walls at end-diastole, although there was no significant change in LV wall thickness at end-systole. Myocardial hypertrophy was the predominant feature in Alpk3 (-/-) mice, but several changes more typically associated with dilated cardiomyopathy included a marked increase in end-diastolic and end-systolic LV volume, as well as reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, and ejection fractions, suggesting LV chamber dilation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 50% reduction in both septal and free wall LV contractility in Alpk3 (-/-) mice. Interstitial fibrosis and inflammation were notably absent in Alpk3 (-/-) mice; however, light and electron microscopy revealed altered cardiomyocyte architecture, characterized by reduced numbers of abnormal intercalated discs being associated with mild disarray of myofibrils. These lesions could account for the impaired contractility of the myofibrillar apparatus and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in Alpk3 (-/-) mice.     

高赖氨酸玉米亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势和配合力的关系

本文以8个高赖氨酸玉米自交系以及这8个亲本的56个完全双列杂交组合为材料,考查产量、品质等14个性状,进行遗传距离分析.结果表明,赖氨酸产量、蛋白质产量、脂肪产量和籽粒产量这4种产量性状的遗传距离与超亲优势、超标优势和特殊配合力之间都不存在显著的相关关系.但有一种趋势,即杂种优势较大的组合大多有较大的遗传距离.亲本的平均遗传距离与一般配合力之间也不存在显著的相关关系.遗传距离分析结果还属于参考性的,在实际育种工作中,进行配合力的测定依然是必要的.     

勺链式大蒜播种机漏取种检测与补种装置设计及试验

针对勺链式大蒜播种机在取种过程中的漏取问题,该研究设计了一种以激光传感器、转勺式补种器、补种箱为核心的大蒜漏取种检测与补种装置,并搭建了试验台.利用漫反射激光传感器对取种情况进行检测,根据输出脉冲判断取种勺是否漏取种,设计了以STM32处理器、电磁离合器为核心的漏取种检测与补种控制系统.为得到取种勺漏取蒜种时的临界脉冲...     

核果类果树中microRNAs的生物信息学预测及验证

microRNA(miRNAs)是一类非编码小分子RNA,在植物生长发育、新陈代谢以及逆境生理中起重要作用。基于生物信息学的基因搜索和同源搜索,从NCBI数据库中登录的核果类果树的EST和GSS中寻找miRNAs。从核果类果树的107982条ESTs和48273条GSSs中搜寻到了11条miRNAs前体序列,编码11条成熟体序列,并预测到19个靶基因,分别编码与生长发育、新陈代谢和转录调节等相关的蛋白。利用miRbase数据库进一步分析表明:11条miRNAs属于8个microRNA家族,分别来自桃和梅,其大小为20～23bp,其中6条为21bp,而且ppe-miR162a和ppe-miR164f保守性最高。采用poly(A)RT-PCR方法随机对预测的ppe-miR156h,pmu-miR482,ppe-miR399a,ppe-miR171a进行组织表达验证,发现ppe-miR156h在果梅花芽中表达,pmu-miR482,ppe-miR399a,ppe-miR171a在桃叶片中表达。     

不同光环境下6种常绿阔叶林树种苗期的叶片功能性状

研究不同光环境(旷地、林窗、林下)下缙云山常绿阔叶林6种常见树种的叶片功能性状及性状间的相互关系,并对不同演替阶段物种的叶片性状进行比较.结果表明:1)在光照较弱的林窗和林下,树种的比叶面积(SLA)、叶片氮含量(LNC)和叶片N:P比显著高于光照充足的旷地,叶干物质含量(LDMC)变化趋势与SLA相反,叶片磷含量(LPC)在3种光环境下无显著差异;2)演替前期种具有较高的SLA,LNC和LPC,而演替后期种的LDMC和N:P比显著高于演替前期种.随光照的减弱,演替前期种的LPC无显著差异,而演替后期种则呈下降趋势;3)在3种光环境下,LNC与LPC,SLA正相关,LDMC与LPC,LNC,SLA负相关,N:P比与LPC负相关,而与LNC无显著相关性.随光照的减弱,SLA-LDMC,LPC-N:P及LNC-LPC性状关系沿共同斜率或Y轴截距发生了显著的变异,表明研究材料主要通过增大SLA,LNC及维持较高的N:P比来适应低光环境,不同演替阶段物种适应策略不同;叶功能性状间的权衡关系沿光资源梯度发生了相应的变化.     

毛竹若干性状相关性和主成分分析

通过对毛竹若干性状相关性的研究,为毛竹的系统选育和栽培提供理论依据.结果表明:毛竹性状存在较大变异,RSD最大的性状是10 m处直径,RSD最小的性状是地径壁厚;毛竹各性状间的相关系数一般呈极显著或显著水平,各性状之间存在普遍的相关性;毛竹29个性状根据变量之间差异的大小可分为4类;主成分分析中前两个主成分对变异的贡献率达到85％以上.     

Immunolocalization and expression pattern of gpr3 in the ovary and its effect on proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells in pigs

Gpr3, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, was known as a critical factor for the maintenance of meiotic prophase arrest in oocytes via a Gs protein-mediated pathway. The present studies were conducted to examine the ovarian immunolocalization of Gpr3, its expression pattern in different stages of fetal, postnatal and developmental pigs and its effect on proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells in pigs. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that Gpr3 was localized in egg nests, oocytes and granulosa cells (GCs) of the follicle ranging from the primordial to Graafian stages and the corpora lutea. Staining was faintly present in the corpora lutea and weak in GCs but was strong in oocytes. Real-time PCR and Western blotting indicated that Gpr3 mRNA and protein were both present in the different ages of ovaries, and there were wavy changes in the expression levels from postpartum 1 to 180 days. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of Gpr3 were upregulated significantly during follicle growth, suggesting that Gpr3 might play potential roles in regulating ovarian follicle development in the pig. MTT and flow cytometry analyses indicated that Gpr3 knockdown significantly promoted proliferation of porcine GCs while increasing the proportion of cells in the S phase and the expression of Cyclin B1 and Cyclin D2, providing new insights into how Gpr3 signaling regulates the proliferation of porcine GCs. In conclusion, the stage- and cell-specific expression pattern of Gpr3 in the porcine ovary suggested that Gpr3 might play an important role during the entire process of follicular development and luteinization.