葡萄器官酚类物质的含量研究

葡萄植株总酚含量的积累在其年生长期间呈双S型曲线.浆果膨大期开始积累,浆果着色期含量下降,浆果成熟期含量再次升高,随后急速下降.新梢中的总酚含量最高,卷须中的极低.不同品种叶片内总酚含量存在显著或极显著的差异.     

应用HACCP理念建立食品辐照企业GIP管理体系的探讨

本文应用HACCP基本理念分析了食品辐照加工过程存在的危害因素及质量控制的关键控制点。深入探讨了建立食品辐照加工企业GIP管理体系的原则和方法。     

基于多项式分布滞后模型的上海市地面沉降验证与预测

[目的]对上海市地面沉降进行验证与预测,为地下工程建设和地下水开采格局的科学调整提供参考。[方法]基于地下水抽灌量、地面沉降和土层分层变形等长期监测数据,研究地面沉降量与地下水开采量、土层分层变形量之间的相关性,并结合上海市地面沉降特性及原因,建立考虑地下水开采量和第4含水层变形量的地面沉降多项式分布滞后模型(PDL模型)。[结果]①上海市累计地下水开采量、第4含水层累计变形量与累计地面沉降量之间均具有高度的正相关性,但由于砂土蠕变、弱透水层释水缓慢等原因,地面沉降相对于地下水开采量和第4含水层变形都有着一定的滞后性;②采用考虑滞后效应的多项式分布滞后模型预测地面沉降,其计算结果相对误差较小、拟合效果较好;③若以当前采灌格局及第4含水层变形量作为参考进行预测,地面沉降在2019—2024年间将会发生稳定的轻微回弹现象。[结论]上海市地面沉降与地下水开采量和土层变形量之间有着较高的相关性,且控制地下水开采能够有效缓解地面沉降的发展。     

保水剂在节水农业中的应用

本文研究了保水剂包膜涂层对大豆、小麦、绿豆等作物种子萌发成苗及保水剂蘸根对葡萄苗、山茱萸苗移栽成活率的影响，结果表明；1%保水剂包膜涂层可促进大豆、绿豆等豆类种子出苗率，使其出苗早，苗齐苗壮，抗旱能力增强，而对小麦玉米等淀粉种子的出苗无明显作用；低浓度的保水剂蘸根可提高苗木的成活率，促进其生长，增强抗旱能力，而高浓度的保水剂蘸根则降低苗木成活率，生长下降。     

黄土丘陵区不同土壤地类造林树种选择与配置技术研究

通过 5年实验研究 ,观测了杨树、沙棘、柏树、刺槐、元宝枫纯林和沙棘与杨树、沙棘与柏树、刺槐与柠条的混交林在风化岩沫土土壤、红胶泥土壤、黄绵土土壤上的成活率、年枝条生长量、5 a林冠面积、5 a郁闭度 ,分析得出了黄土丘陵区不同土壤类型造林树种选择和配置的模式。结果表明 :黄土丘陵区造林常见树种及其混交形式在不同土壤类型上呈现不同结果 ,风化岩沫土适合柏树纯林和沙棘与杨树混交、沙棘与柏树混交 ,红胶泥土壤最佳树种为沙棘、刺槐纯林及沙棘与杨树混交 (阴坡 )、沙棘与柏树混交、刺槐与柠条混交 ,而刺槐、柠条纯林和沙棘与杨树混交、沙棘与柏树混交、刺槐与柠条混交适合于黄绵土土壤。此外 ,在各种土壤类型上混交林都优于纯林 ,建议黄土丘陵区造林应乔灌混交为主。该项研究技术在延安市山川秀美工程中推广 ,效果明显 ,建议在黄土丘陵区推广该技术。     

笼养肉仔鸡生产性能及其胴体品质影响因素的研究

该本文采用三因素三水平正交试验设计，就笼底材料、饲养密度、不同性别组群下3～6周龄AA肉仔鸡的生产性能及其胴体品质进行研究。结果表明：竹竿和塑料笼底下肉仔鸡的胴体品质以及笼养密度11 ～14只／m²下的生产性能较高，以塑料笼底、低密度和公鸡单饲组的肉仔鸡总增重最高，达1.82kg。笼底材料对增重、饲料转化率、屠宰率、腹脂率以及胸肌纤维直径没有影响，但铁丝笼底会导致胸囊肿发病率升高。高饲养密度下能显著降低肉鸡增重和饲料转化率，但肉仔鸡的屠宰率有所增加；而低饲养密度有利于胸肌纤维直径的增加。单饲母鸡的腹脂率显著高于单饲公鸡和公母混群饲养鸡的腹脂率。     

黄土丘陵区宁夏西吉县土地利用动态与坡耕地生产力变化

通过资料分析、野外调查和定位试验等方法 ,对半干旱黄土丘陵区宁夏西吉县 15年的土地利用动态及坡耕地生产力变化进行了研究。结果显示 ,1980年西吉县的农、林、牧业用地比例为 8.2∶ 0 .4∶ 1.4 ,由于“三北防护林工程”和世界粮食计划署援助的“2 6 0 5”等项目的实施 ,1987年调整为 4 .6∶ 2 .4∶ 3.0 ,水平梯田面积占农业用地的百分比由 1980年的 1.7%增长到 17.6 % ,1994年继续增加到 38.5 % ;1980年、1987年和 1994年坡耕地的土壤流失量分别为 14 84 ,4 2 2 ,5 5万 t,土壤养分损失折合化肥的总量分别为 6 70 5 16 ,2 30 5 98,16 2 0 5 6 t,分别是当年化肥实际施用总量的 5 96 .5倍、2 7.6倍和 6 .8倍 ;1980年、1987年和 1994年由水土流失造成的坡耕地粮食减产量分别为 90 72 5 ,8870 9,90 4 6 5 t,分别为当年粮食总产量的 93.2 % ,2 8.1% ,16 .8%。     

Adsorption,Desorption And Mobility of Fomesafen in Chinese Soils

Fomesafen, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide, is used widely for weed control in soybeans since its introduction to China. Little information is available on its adsorption, desorption and movement in Chinese soils. The adsorption, desorption and mobility of fomesafen in six Chinese soils was studied. Adsorption isotherms agreed with the Freundlich equation very well. The results of regressionanalysis indicated that soil pH was more important than organic matter for fomesafen adsorption. Fomesafen was more readily desorbed from soils with 0.01 M CaSO₄ solution. Soil TLC and column leaching studies showed that fomesafen and its metabolites was less mobile in Chinese soils. About 89.82% of applied fomesafen and its metabolites still remained in upper 5 cm layer 60 days after treatment under field conditions.     

梨肉松弛特性各向差异研究

以松弛特性参数如平衡弹性模量、衰变弹性模量、粘滞系数和松弛时间为指标研究了梨果肉的各向松弛特性差异。总体而言，梨肉因取样部位、取样方向、取样深度等不同，松弛特性参数存在显著差异，朝向对各种参数影响不大。     

Effects of accelerators on mobility of 14C-2,4-dichlorophenoxy butyric acid in plant cuticles depends on type and concentration of accelerator

Effects of diethyl suberate (DESU), diethyl sebacate (DES), dibutyl suberate (DBSU), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), and tributyl phosphate (TBP) on diffusion of 14C-2,4-dichlorophenoxy butyric acid (2,4-DB) across cuticular membranes (CM) was studied. Astomatous CM were isolated enzymatically from Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. leaves, and diffusion was measured at 20 degrees C. The alkyl-substituted dicarboxylic acids constitute a homologous series with carbon numbers increasing from C12 to C18. Molecular weights increased only moderately from 230.0 (DESU) to 314.5 (DBS), while partition coefficients varied over orders of magnitude from 92 (DESU), to 1213 (DES), to 15,988 (DBSU), to 210,762 (DBS). All the above compounds turned out to be accelerators as they increased 2,4-DB mobility by up to 40-fold with accelerator concentrations in the CM ranging from only 9.2 to 105 g kg(-1). Efficacy (2,4-DB mobility in the presence/mobility in the absence of accelerators) increased with increasing concentrations of accelerators in CM or in reconstituted cuticular waxes. Plotting efficacy vs accelerator concentration in the CM resulted in straight lines, and their slopes increased in the order DBS (0.14), DBSU (0.31), DES (0.51), and DESU (0.85). Hence, DESU was the most powerful accelerator in this series as it increased 2,4-DB mobility in the CM about 6 times more than DBSU. Waxes constitute the major barrier in plant cuticles, and plots of efficacy vs accelerator concentration in Stephanotis wax were also linear, but compared to CM slopes were steeper by factors of 3.20 (DBS), 2.97 (DBSU), 2.70 (DES), and 1.62 (DESU). TBP was similarly effective as DESU, but plots of efficacy vs concentration were not linear, and curves approached a plateau at 60-80 g kg(-1). These data are discussed with regard to suitability of these accelerators for formulating systemic pesticides.