全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48958篇 |
免费 | 2704篇 |
国内免费 | 33篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 1701篇 |
农学 | 1661篇 |
基础科学 | 251篇 |
5835篇 | |
综合类 | 8197篇 |
农作物 | 1545篇 |
水产渔业 | 2717篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 26329篇 |
园艺 | 574篇 |
植物保护 | 2885篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 416篇 |
2018年 | 777篇 |
2017年 | 823篇 |
2016年 | 743篇 |
2015年 | 607篇 |
2014年 | 750篇 |
2013年 | 1736篇 |
2012年 | 1347篇 |
2011年 | 1690篇 |
2010年 | 1154篇 |
2009年 | 1096篇 |
2008年 | 1682篇 |
2007年 | 1593篇 |
2006年 | 1497篇 |
2005年 | 1380篇 |
2004年 | 1394篇 |
2003年 | 1372篇 |
2002年 | 1184篇 |
2001年 | 1913篇 |
2000年 | 1984篇 |
1999年 | 1498篇 |
1998年 | 569篇 |
1997年 | 499篇 |
1996年 | 449篇 |
1995年 | 612篇 |
1994年 | 524篇 |
1993年 | 459篇 |
1992年 | 1151篇 |
1991年 | 1211篇 |
1990年 | 1178篇 |
1989年 | 1097篇 |
1988年 | 1056篇 |
1987年 | 1081篇 |
1986年 | 1035篇 |
1985年 | 966篇 |
1984年 | 803篇 |
1983年 | 683篇 |
1982年 | 421篇 |
1981年 | 382篇 |
1979年 | 635篇 |
1978年 | 500篇 |
1977年 | 441篇 |
1976年 | 408篇 |
1975年 | 451篇 |
1974年 | 523篇 |
1973年 | 507篇 |
1972年 | 531篇 |
1971年 | 449篇 |
1970年 | 424篇 |
1969年 | 464篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
941.
942.
Beech DJ Sibbons PD Rossdale PD Ousey JC Holdstock NB Chavatte P Ansari T 《Equine veterinary journal》2001,33(5):438-445
Equine lung and kidney organogenesis has not previously been examined with the use of unbiased stereological techniques. The present study examined healthy (control) pony and Thoroughbred lungs and kidneys to establish baseline data of organ development from before birth until maturity at age 3-18 years. Whole left lungs and kidneys were collected from 45 equine postmortem examinations (34 Thoroughbred, 11 pony). Stereological techniques were used to estimate whole kidney, cortex and medulla volume, total glomerular number and volume-weighted mean glomerular volume, lung volume, total terminal bronchiolar duct ending number and total gas exchange surface area. Lungs were demonstrated to be more developed at birth in ponies compared with Thoroughbreds. Thoroughbreds showed continued lung development after birth, a unique micromorphogenic postnatal development. Kidneys were developed equally in ponies and Thoroughbreds. This study has provided data on the baseline development of the equiune lung and kidney which can be used in further studies to examine whether the development of these organs is affected by specific illnesses. 相似文献
943.
Nakayama H Nakayama T Hamlin RL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):217-221
Vertebral heart size (VHS) has been proposed as a method for quantifying cardiomegaly in dogs. This study was designed to determine how well echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings correlated with VHS. Dogs were rapid-paced into varying degrees of cardiomegaly and were monitored by thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and electrocardiography during development of cardiomegaly. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters were compared with VHS. VHS increased with increased duration or rate of pacing or both, and left atrium-to-aorta ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, P wave duration, and QRS duration correlated significantly with VHS. VHS (a score obtained from routine thoracic radiographs) seems to correlate well with both echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters. When 9 veterinarians, experienced in interpretation of cardiac silhouettes on radiographs, measured VHS from 1 normal dog and 1 dog with severe cardiomegaly, coefficients of variation (ratio of standard deviation to the mean) for their measurements were 2.7% and 2.8%, respectively. Thus, VHS could be established with great uniformity by experienced interpreters. 相似文献
944.
Shelton GD Liu LA Guo LT Smith GK Christiansen JS Thomas WB Smith MO Kline KL March PA Flegel T Engvall E 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):240-244
The most common form of muscular dystrophy in dogs and humans is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The dystrophin gene is located on the X chromosome, and, therefore, disease-causing mutations in dystrophin occur most often in males. Therefore, females with dystrophin deficiency or other forms of muscular dystrophy may be undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze dystrophin and a number of other muscle proteins associated with muscular dystrophy in humans, including sarcoglycans and laminin alpha2, in muscle biopsy specimens from 5 female dogs with pathologic changes consistent with muscular dystrophy. The female dogs were presented with a variety of clinical signs including generalized weakness, muscle wasting, tremors, exercise intolerance, gait abnormalities, and limb deformity. Serum creatine kinase activity was variably high. One dog had no detectable dystrophin in the muscle; another was mosaic, with some fibers normal and others partly dystrophin-deficient. A 3rd dog had normal dystrophin but no detectable laminin alpha2. Two dogs could not be classified. This study demonstrates the occurrence of dystrophin- and laminin alpha2-associated muscular dystrophy and the difficulty in clinical diagnosis of these disorders in female dogs. 相似文献
945.
Takashima H Sakai H Yanai T Masegi T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(2):171-174
To detect serum antibody against Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) in infected rabbits. a modified immunoperoxidase assay was applied. An outbreak of P. multocida infection in rabbits started from sudden death. The infected rabbits had severe fibrinous and purulent pneumonia with hemorrhage, and a large number of P. multocida (A:12) was isolated from the trachea and lungs of the animals. Antibodies of IgM and IgG to P. multocida were assessed by immunohistochemical staining using the sera of the animals as primary antibodies and applying them to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of P. multocida attached to calf fibrin. IgM antibodies to P. multocida were first detected 7 days after the onset of the disease. IgG antibodies began to rise on the 7th or 14th day. These results suggested that the modified immunoperoxidase assay could detect antibodies against P. multocida. 相似文献
946.
Takahashi K Takahashi E Ducusin RJ Tanabe S Uzuka Y Sarashina T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(2):175-178
Maximum serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels of healthy calves were seen at 1 day after birth, and thereafter rapidly decreased until 5 days after birth. They stabilized until 2 weeks after birth, then gradually decreased until 4 weeks after birth. Serum T4 levels of calves with endemic goiter tended to be lower than those of healthy ones, but showed similar levels to those of adult cows. T3 levels of calves with goiter were similar to those of healthy ones, but showed higher variation. T4/T3 ratio of calves with goiter were significantly lower than those of healthy ones and adult cows. While individual levels of serum T4 and T3 at just after birth could not be considered as a diagnostic index, the T4/T3 ratio could be adopted as a diagnostic index of endemic goiter. 相似文献
947.
Tomsa K Glaus TM Kacl GM Pospischil A Reusch CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(2):89-93
Basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentration and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test were used to assess thyroid function in 36 critically ill cats examined between July 1996 and October 1998. Of the 36 cats. hyperthyroidism (as underlying or complicating disease) was suspected in 22 based on clinical signs, palpable thyroid nodules, and abnormal thyroid gland histology (study group). Hyperthyroidism was not suspected in the remaining 14 cats, which served as the control group. Based on serum T4 concentrations, suppression of thyroid function was documented in 14 (64%) cats of the study group and in 10 (71%) cats of the control group. The TRH stimulation test revealed an increase in serum T4 of less than 50% of the baseline concentration in 18 (82%) cats of the study group, and in 6 (43%) cats of the control group. In conclusion, based on the results of serum T4 determinations and the TRH stimulation tests, it was not possible to differentiate between cats with clinical and histologic evidence of thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism) and cats with severe nonthyroidal illnesses. 相似文献
948.
Hoppe A Denneberg T 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(4):361-367
The purpose of this study was to summarize 14 years of clinical experience with medical treatment of 88 cystinuric dogs. Of special interest was evaluation of recurrence rate of cystine uroliths and adverse effects during long-term tiopronin treatment. Twenty-six different breeds were recognized, and the most common breeds were Dachshunds, Tibetan Spaniels, and Basset Hounds. In 76 of 88 treated dogs (86%), re-formation of cystine uroliths was prevented. Recurrence rate of cystine uroliths changed from 7 months before to 18 months during tiopronin treatment. On 28 occasions, bladder stones were found, and in about 60% of the dogs, the uroliths dissolved. Quantitative measurement of the urinary excretion of cystine showed a significantly (P < .03) higher excretion of cystine in dogs with recurrent urolith formation than in dogs with only 1 urolith episode. Another finding was a significant (P = .02) decrease in urinary cystine excretion in older (>5 years) than in younger (<5 years) dogs. Adverse effects were found in 11 dogs, and the most severe signs were aggressiveness and myopathy. All signs disappeared when tiopronin treatment was stopped. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of an individual strategy for lifelong treatment of cystinuria. In addition to increasing water intake, chemical modification of the cysteine molecule into a more soluble form by means of tiopronin is useful. In dogs with re-formed cystine uroliths, dissolution may be induced by increasing the tiopronin dosage to 40 mg/kg body weight per day. In dogs with a low urolith recurrence rate and low urinary cystine excretion, the tiopronin dosage may be decreased or treatment discontinued. 相似文献
949.
Leib MS Dinnel H Ward DL Reimer ME Towell TL Monroe WE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(6):547-552
Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures was performed in 18 dogs and 10 cats with a median age of 4 years. Stricture formation was associated with a recent anesthetic episode in 18 patients. Regurgitation was the most common clinical sign and was present a median of 4 weeks before dilation. Most animals had a single stricture; median diameter was 5 mm, and median length was 1 cm. Esophagitis and mucosal fibrosis were detected in 9 patients each. Dilation was performed with progressively increasing diameter balloons, from 6 to 20 mm. After dilation, mucosal hemorrhage was mild to moderate in most patients. Esophageal perforation was the only serious complication and occurred in 1 patient. Postdilation therapy consisted of administration of cimetidine, metoclopramide, sucralfate, and prednisone in most animals. The median number of dilation procedures performed in each animal was 2, with a range of 1-5. The median interval between dilations was 13 days. Stricture diameter markedly increased with subsequent dilations. Median duration of follow-up was 131 weeks. A successful outcome occurred in 88% of patients, with most animals able to eat canned, mashed, or dry food without regurgitation. Mucosal fibrosis was associated with a better clinical response score, while increasing age was weakly associated with fewer dilations. The dilation protocol used in this group of animals was safe and efficacious. 相似文献
950.
van Loon G Fonteyne W Rottiers H Tavernier R Jordaens L D'Hont L Colpaert R De Clercq T Deprez P 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(6):564-571
The purpose of the present study was to develop a feasible and safe technique for dual-chamber pacemaker implantation in healthy horses. Implantation was performed in a standing, tranquilized horse and in ponies. Atrial and ventricular leads were transvenously inserted through the cephalic vein, and a subcutaneous pacemaker pocket was created between the lateral pectoral groove and the manubrium sterni in 6 equids. Positioning of each lead was guided by echocardiography and by measuring the electrical characteristics of the lead. The implantation procedure lasted about 4 hours in each animal and was well tolerated. In all animals, dual-chamber pacemaker function was obtained, and these results remained good throughout the follow-up period. At the time of implantation, atrial and ventricular sensing were between 2.1 and 7.2 mV and 7.8 and 16.8 mV, respectively, and atrial and ventricular pacing thresholds at 0.5 millisecond varied from 0.5 to 0.7 V and from 0.3 to 1.0 V, respectively. Six months after the implantation, sensing values varied from 2 to 10 mV for the atrial lead and from 2 to 16 mV for the ventricular lead, while pacing thresholds at 0.5 millisecond varied from less than 0.5 to 2.5 V for the right atrium and from less than 0.5 to 5.0 V for the right ventricle. Atrial lead dislodgment occurred in 2 animals, requiring insertion of a new lead. Ventricular lead dislodgment was not observed. 相似文献