不同成胚能力的百子莲愈伤组织中氧化还原水平的差异分析

生长素类物质毒莠定(picloram,PIC)对宿根花卉东方百子莲(Agapanthus praecox ssp.orientalis)愈伤组织诱导及胚状体的形成至关重要,不同浓度PIC处理对百子莲愈伤组织(Callus)的成胚能力具有不同效应。本研究以在含1.0、1.5和2.0 mg/L PIC的MS培养基上继代的胚性愈伤组织(embryogenic callus,EC)为材料,以愈伤组织为对照,通过检测活性氧(reastive oxygen species,ROS)关键组分含量和3种抗氧化酶活性,明确不同浓度PIC处理下细胞内氧化还原动态变化对成胚能力的影响。结果显示：1.5 mg/L PIC处理的EC细胞状态较佳且成胚能力最强,1.0和2.0 mg/L PIC处理的EC具有成胚能力,但成胚率较低。EC中O₂·^-含量较高,均高于愈伤组织;1.5 mg/L PIC处理的EC中H₂O₂含量最高(为148.53μmol/g)是愈伤组织的38.50倍;愈伤组织中OH·含量极显著高于EC,为1.5 mg/...     

耐冷菌的适冷分子机制及在污水处理中的应用

指出了低温是影响冬季寒冷地区生活污水处理效果的一个主要原因,在低温环境下,活性污泥中大多数中温菌的生长活性受到抑制,只有少数的耐冷菌可以存活下来并保持一定的活性。简要介绍了低温微生物的概念及分类,从细胞膜结构、低温酶、蛋白质合成以及冷休克蛋白等方面对耐冷菌的适冷机制进行分析,最后对耐冷菌在污水处理中的应用现状与发展方向进行了展望。     

花/蕾低温保存对花椰菜花粉活力及授粉效果的影响

本研究将通过低温(3 ℃～5 °C)干燥处理花椰菜完全开放的花和不同大小的蕾,利用花粉活力测定、花粉萌发观察和杂交结籽率检测等手段分析了低温保存对其花粉活力及授粉效果的影响.研究结果表明,当天开放花的花粉活力和萌发率最高,分别达到91.3％和45.6％,授粉效果也最好,每角果平均可收获11.3粒种子.3 °～5 ℃干燥...     

细根性状对土壤养分有效性的直接影响与机制——以亚热带杉阔混交林为例

细根性状对土壤养分有效性的影响由微生物介导或由细根与土壤的直接互作而发生,然而前者受到了大量关注,后者却鲜有报道。本研究以亚热带杉阔混交林中6个混交树种（资源获取和资源保守型各3种）为研究对象,采用原位网袋试验,研究了细根对土壤氮、磷有效性的直接、间接和总体效应,及其与细根性状与的关系。结果显示,在两种资源利用策略下,细根与土壤直接接触均能提高土壤氮和磷的有效性;获取型树种对土壤磷的影响更为显著,表现为更强的直接、间接和总体效应,而保守型树种对土壤氮的间接效应更强。细根碳氮比是调控其对土壤氮、磷有效性影响的首要因素。资源利用策略对氮有效性的直接影响差异主要取决于对养分摄取的强弱,间接影响则由有机氮矿化主导。低碳氮比的细根提高了磷有效性,该影响通过产生更多的磷酸酶直接产生,或通过降低土壤pH而间接实现。本研究丰富了细根性状对土壤养分有效性的调控机制,并为杉阔混交林伴生树种选择提供了理论支撑。     

Response of labile organic C and N pools to plastic film removal from semiarid farmland soil

To examine the effects of plastic film removal on grain yield and soil organic matter (SOM), a spring maize (Zea may L.) field experiment was conducted for 5 yr at Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experimental Station of Northwest China. Compared with traditional plastic film mulching during entire growing stages (FM), plastic film removal at the silking stage (RM) resulted in a 6.3% higher average maize yield. Under the RM treatment, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased after the 5‐yr cultivation in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer. Significant increases in extractable organic C (EOC), KMnO₄‐oxidizable C (KMnO₄‐C) and C management index (CMI) in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, and light fraction organic C and EOC in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer were observed in response to plastic film removal after the 1‐yr treatment; the responses were more significant after 5 yr. Under the RM treatment, significant increases in microbial biomass C, light fraction organic N, extractable organic N, KMnO₄‐C and CMI were also observed after five years in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer. Moreover, KMnO₄‐C and EOC were much more sensitive than other labile SOM fractions to the application of RM, even after only 1 yr of cultivation. Therefore, compared with mulching for the whole growing season, plastic film removal at the maize silking stage is an effective option for increasing yields and enhancing SOM concentration and soil sustainability in the regions with semiarid monsoon climates that have sufficient rainfall during maize reproductive stages.     

昌吉市土地利用对生态环境的影响分析

在分析昌吉市土地利用现状特点和动态变化的基础上,讨论土地利用对生态环境的影响,指出昌吉市相对脆弱的生态环境和突出的人地矛盾,并提出改善其对环境影响的对策建议。     

东北地区休闲农业园游客满意度模型构建

休闲农业是将农业、农产品加工和服务业相结合的新型农业产业形态。随着国民经济的发展，国民休闲需求快速膨胀，休闲农业进入了高速发展时期。可持续性发展是现阶段休闲农业亟待解决的重要问题，提高满意度是国内外学者公认的促进休闲农业发展的有效途径。在已有的休闲农业园游客满意度测评模型基础上融入东北地区休闲农业发展特点，将模型中农园参与性活动、环境、服务、消费、农园声誉和出游便利性6个满意度影响因素调整为可达程度、可参与性活动、农园形象、游客预期和价格感知5个潜变量，构建符合东北地区特点的休闲农业园游客满意度测评模型，为休闲农业游客满意度的提升进行科学指导。      

Variations of SOC and MBC observed in an incubated brown loam soil managed under different tillage systems for 12 years

To assess changes in organic carbon pools, an incubation experiment was conducted under different temperatures and field moisture capacity (FMC) on a brown loam soil from three tillage practices used for 12 years: no‐till (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). Total microbial respiration was measured for incubated soil with and without the input of straw. Results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under ST, NT and CT was higher in soil with straw input than that without, while the microbial quotient (MQ or MBC: SOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) content under CT followed the opposite trend. Lower temperature, lower moisture and with straw input contributed to the increases in SOC concentration, especially under NT and ST systems. The SOC concentrations under ST, with temperatures of 30 and 35°C after incubation at 55% FMC, were greater than those under CT by 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively. The increase in MBC was highest at 35°C for 55%, 65% and 75% FMC; in soil under ST, MBC was greater than that under CT by 199.3%, 50.7% and 23.8%, respectively. At 30°C, the lower qCO₂ was obtained in soil incubated under NT and ST. The highest MQ among three tillage practices was measured under ST at 55% FMC, NT at 65% FMC and CT at 75% FMC with straw input. These data indicate the benefits of enhancing the MQ; the low FMC was beneficial to ST treatment. Under higher temperature and drought stress conditions, the adaptive capacity of ST and NT is better than that of CT.     

我国滑翔伞运动损伤状况及其影响因素的流行病学调查*

采用问卷调查、数理统计、文献资料等方法对我国滑翔伞运动损伤的情况及原因进分析。结果表明,由于滑翔伞运动本身的特点及此项运动在我国开展逐年广泛,损伤率较高,达到75%。其影响因素主要有参与者技术不够娴熟、场地因素和天气因素三方面。并根据调查结果提出预防措施。     

我国生猪价值链各环节生物安全水平调查

为分析我国生猪养殖、流通和屠宰等环节的生物安全水平,提升非洲猪瘟防控工作的针对性、科学性,采用问卷调查和现场调查相结合的方式,对湖南、河南、重庆、辽宁、安徽等5个省(直辖市)15个县(市、区)的196个生猪养殖场(户)、69个生猪经纪人和19个屠宰场进行调查。结果显示:截至2019年9月,调查县(市、区)养猪场(户)数较2017年减少了50%～80%;生猪饲养模式以自繁自养为主,小规模场生物安全措施实施率较低;生猪经纪人行为复杂,如经纪对象多样、活动范围广、兼营其他相关业务、同批次收购不同养殖场(户)生猪等,仍有47.8%的经纪人称还会进圈挑选猪;73.7%的屠宰场运猪车辆没有有效执行离场清洗消毒措施。结果表明,我国生猪价值链各环节的生物安全水平仍有较大上升空间。提议继续推进规范化养殖场建设,加强生猪经纪人管理,加强生猪运输车辆的清洗消毒,促进生猪产业一体化发展。