头孢洛宁乳房注入剂（干乳期）在牛奶中的残留消除

【目的】 头孢洛宁为第一代半合成头孢菌素类抗生素,对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌均有良好的抗菌活性,临床以每个乳区250mg用于治疗亚临床感染引起的乳房炎。头孢洛宁通过与敏感菌的青霉素结合蛋白相结合,从而阻断细菌细胞壁的合成,达到抑制细菌生长的目的。笔者开展头孢洛宁乳房注入剂（干乳期）在牛奶中的残留消除规律研究,以期为该药的合理使用和乳品安全生产提供指导。【方法】 选取20头进入干乳期的健康奶牛,每个乳区分别注入一支头孢洛宁乳房注入剂。平均干乳期为50 d,奶牛产犊开始泌乳后的6、12、24、36、48、60、72、96和120 h,将每头奶牛每次采集的4个乳区的奶混合。采用Phenomenex Luna C18（150mm×2.1mm,3.5μm）。以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱程序洗脱,流速0.25 mL/min,柱温为35℃,进样量为5.0 μL。头孢洛宁采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）离子化,正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式（MRM）,电喷雾电压（IS）为4kV,雾化气压力（GS1）为55psi,气帘气（CUR）为15 psi,辅助气流速（GS2）为35psi,离子源温度（TEM）为600 ℃;定量离子对为m/z→459.4/337.3。样品自然解冻,取5 g牛奶,置于50 mL离心管中,加入20 mL乙腈,涡旋混匀2min,在10℃条件下10 000 r/min离心10 min。将上清液用15 mL75%乙腈水溶液重复提取一次,合并两次的提取液,并加入10 mL乙腈饱和的正己烷,震荡1 min,弃掉正己烷,把提取液移至100 mL鸡心瓶中,在40℃用旋转浓缩仪旋转蒸发除去乙腈。向已除去乙腈的样品溶液中加入20 mL磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液,然后用氢氧化钠溶液调节至pH8.5。将样品提取液以3 mL/min的流速通过HLB固相萃取柱,先用5 mL磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液洗涤鸡心瓶并过柱,再用2 mL水洗柱。用2 mL乙腈洗脱,收集洗脱液于刻度样品管中,在40℃下用氮气浓缩仪吹干,用2 mL水溶解残渣,摇匀后,过0.22 μm滤膜,取样供LC-MS/MS检测。【结果】 头孢洛宁在2—200 μg·kg ^-1的范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.991—0.997之间。该方法检测限为0.5 μg·kg ^-1,定量限为2 μg·kg ^-1。头孢洛宁在2、20、40和200 μg·kg ^-1四个添加水平上的平均回收率为73.60%—103.52%,批内变异系数为1.85%—10.41%,批间变异系数为3.41％—8.97%。结果表明,该方法的回收率和变异系数满足残留检测定量分析要求。使用头孢洛宁干乳期乳房注入剂的初产奶牛,在产犊后96 h低于定量限。经产奶牛在产犊36 h低于定量限,24h均低于MRL。 【结论】 头孢洛宁乳房注入剂（干奶期）按推荐剂量4个乳区（250 mg/乳区）给药后,其产犊泌乳后牛奶中的弃奶期为24 h。     

奶牛精子SRY基因原位杂交检测方法的建立

Sry基因是Y染色体性别决定基因,采用primer premier 6对SRY基因序列设计引物,以公牛基因组DNA为模板扩增,高效DNA地高辛标记和检测试剂盒制备探针,对X精子(Y精子纯度7％)、Y精子(Y精子纯度93％)和常规精子(Y精子纯度50％)DTT去凝集、蛋白酶K去除鱼精蛋白,杂交.结果表明:在荧光显微镜下可见标本背景清晰,精子头部成蓝色,边界清楚,X精子4.67％ (n =600)有荧光信号,Y精子86.33％(n=600)有荧光信号,常规精子46.17％有荧光信号.实验证明了所选取Sry基因序列为Y精子携带,建立了精子原位杂交方法.     

红小豆主要农艺性状的灰色关联与相关性分析

为了探索红小豆主要农艺性状与产量性状间的相关性,采用灰色关联和相关性分析的方法,对13个红小豆品种的11个主要农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明,11个农艺性状的变异系数为33.56%～2.37%,变异系数最大的为分枝数,最小的为生育期;灰色关联分析表明单株荚数、分枝数和生育期与单株产量关联度较高;相关分析表明单株荚数与单株产量呈显著的正相关。在红小豆辐射诱变高产突变体的选择中,首先应该把单株荚数作为选育的重点标识性状。     

Complete Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Rehmannia Mosaic Virus Isolate from Shanxi Province

Using double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) technology and sequence-independent amplification(SIA), the molecular identification on infected Rehmannia glutinosa in the field with mosaic symptoms was performed and the whole-genome of the Rehmannia mosaic virus(ReMV) Shanxi isolate(ReMV-SX) was sequenced. Sequencing analysis showed that the virus that infected Rehmannia glutinosa was Rehmannia mosaic virus(ReMV). The full-length of the obtained ReMV-SX sequence(GenBank accession no. JX575184) was 6 395 nt, containing four open reading frames(ORFs). The sequence homology analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence showed that ReMV-SX was 93.8%-97.0% homologous to ReMV in Tobamovirus subgroup I, while only 49.8%-58.9% homologous to the isolates in subgroups II and III of the same genus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ReMV-SX and ReMV-Henan formed a separate branch and had the closest genetic relationship. The results laid the foundation for ongoing researches in the taxonomic status and evolution of ReMV and for further investigating the pathogenic mechanism of ReMV infecting Rehmannia glutinosa.     

构建社会主义和谐校园机制的研究与探讨

构建和谐校园是21世纪高校改革和发展的必然要求,也是社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分.在深入分析目前高校中存在的不和谐问题和现象的基础上,全面分析构建和谐校园应坚持的指导思想和原则,积极探索整合资源,发挥集中优势,努力优化育人环境,构建和谐校园.     

不同品系西方蜜蜂基因组DNA多态性图谱构建及杂交分析

本研究应用随机引物K（5'-CGGCCCCTGT-3'）对不同品系西蜂的基因组DNA扩增，获得了能区分不同品系西蜂的多态性DNA图谱，从多态性图谱中选取一个共同片段K1680bp，标记成探针，探针K1680bp与不同品系西蜂的基因组DNA匀有杂交，从而证明片段K1680bp是西蜂蜂种的共性，为西蜂的鉴定提供了直接依据。     

Anatid herpesvirus 1 CH virulent strain induces syncytium and apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblast cultures

Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) CH virulent strain was first isolated from an infected duck and it was found that this virus strain could induce cytopathic effect (CPE) in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Following AHV-1 infection, DEF showed morphological changes such as cell rounding, improved refractivity and detachment from the culture surface. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately known. Related studies were performed and the results showed that syncytium formation could be observed as the other type of CPE in AHV-1 infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of infected DEF were each used to visualize the shape and distribution of chromatin within nuclei and nuclear fragmentation was observed. Chromatin condensation and margination, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA ladder formation was detected in AHV-1 infected cells and apoptosis of the infected DEF was also detected by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. Therefore, it was suggested that AHV-1 virulent strain can induce syncytium and apoptosis in DEF. Syncytium formation and apoptosis observed in this study may contribute to the elucidation of AHV-1 pathogenesis.     

兽医流行病学研究中的偏倚及其控制

偏倚可分为选择偏倚、信息偏倚和混杂偏倚,从方向上又可分为正偏倚、负偏倚和颠倒偏倚。作为一种系统误差,偏倚可产生于兽医流行病学调查研究的设计、实施到推论等各个环节,可导致调查研究结论偏离乃至背离真实情况,必须加以控制。本文对兽医流行病学调查研究中可能出现的常见偏倚进行了阐述,并结合实例对不同的偏倚进行了分析,以期为广大兽医工作者更好地开展流行病学调查和疫病防控工作提供理论支持。     

萧山草三黄鸡屠宰性能和肉质分析

研究对70日龄萧山草三黄鸡进行了屠宰性能和肉质性状的测定,结果显示:公鸡活重、屠体重、半净膛率和全净膛率优于母鸡,差异显著(P<0.05)。腿肌的肉色OD值、剪切力和pH值均大于胸肌,系水力小于胸肌,差异均显著(P<0.05);水分含量、粗脂肪含量大于胸肌,粗蛋白含量、粗灰分含量小于胸肌,差异均显著(P<0.05)。研究表明母鸡的肉质优于公鸡,屠宰性能则不及公鸡。