Long-term stacking coal promoted soil bacterial richness associated with increased soil organic matter in coal yards of power plants

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Coal exploitation inevitably brings a chain of ecological problems, e.g., land destruction and biodiversity decrease. Most previous studies have investigated the...     

Urbanization-induced acid rain causes leaching loss of calcium from limestone-derived soil in South China

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Acid rain events in Yuebei, a region of northern Guangdong Province, China, have been increasing due to rapid urbanization in recent years. A three-year study was...     

Long-term greenhouse vegetable cultivation alters the community structures of soil ammonia oxidizers

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Continuous cropping obstacles derived from long-term intensive cultivation has severely affected the healthy development of greenhouse vegetable industry in China....     

The failure of using equilibrium adsorption of fosthiazate onto montmorillonite clay particles to predict their cotransport in porous media as revealed by batch and column studies

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Adsorption of fosthiazate onto montmorillonite clay particles (MPs) and cotransport of fosthiazate and MPs in sand and soil porous media were investigated for the...     

松嫩草原西部县域尺度景观格局变化及预测——以黑龙江省杜蒙县为例

景观格局变化及预测是区域土地生态利用与规划的基础理论。基于1979、1990和2004年TM／ETM遥感数据,应用遥感图像处理软件ERDAS9．1、地理信息系统软件ArcGIS9．2、景观生态学研究方法及马尔科夫过程模型,对松嫩草原西部杜蒙县1979--2004年土地利用景观格局的时空变化特征、土地利用转移概率矩阵、景观指数及景观格局变化进行分析以及动态预测。结果表明：1）草地面积1979--1990年锐减,1990--2004年呈现增加趋势,1979--1990年草地转换为农田和盐碱地,1990--2004年农田、林地、盐碱地和苇地转换为草地。2）农田面积大幅增加．1990--2004年有所回落,主要由林地、草地、苇地和滩涂等用地转入。3）苇地面积逐渐减少,主要转出为水域和盐碱地。4）盐碱地面积在增大,主要由草地、农田、建设用地及水域等地类转入。5）景观破碎度加剧,景观形状变复杂、异质性加强,景观趋于不稳定的趋势。6）马尔科夫模型对研究区未来土地利用景观变化预测结果表明,今后一个时期内,农田、草地、水域、苇地等用地面积将逐渐减小,林地、建设用地、盐碱地及滩涂地面积将逐渐增加,由土地利用格局变化引起的生态环境问题将会更加突出。     

Starch physicochemical properties and their associations with microsatellite alleles of starch-synthesizing genes in a rice RIL population

The physicochemical properties of starch, such as apparent amylose content, gelatinization temperature, and pasting viscosities, determine the eating, cooking, and processing qualities of various products of rice. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the reciprocal cross of Lemont (a premium high-quality tropical japonica rice) and Jiayu 293 (a high-yield but low-quality indica rice) was used to test the association of microsatellite markers of starch-synthesizing genes with starch quality parameters. The results confirmed the association of Wx and starch synthase I (SSI) alleles with various starch properties measured in rice flour. However, the starch properties were not associated with the starch branching enzyme 1 (SBE 1) gene alleles.     

Nondestructive prediction of total phenolics, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant capacity of rice grain using near-infrared spectroscopy

Phytochemicals such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are present in rice grains, are associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds in rice grain also contribute to the antioxidant activity. Biofortification of rice grain by conventional breeding is a way to improve nutritional quality so as to combat nutritional deficiency. Since wet chemistry measurement of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity are time-consuming and expensive, a rapid and nondestructive predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) would be valuable to measure these nutritional quality parameters. In the present study, calibration models for measurement of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity were developed using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares regression (PLS), and modified partial least-squares regression (mPLS) methods with the spectra of the dehulled grain (brown rice). The results showed that NIRS could effectively predict the total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity by PLS and mPLS methods. The standard errors of prediction (SEP) were 47.1 and 45.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) for phenolic content, and the coefficients of determination ( r (2)) were 0.849 and 0.864 by PLS and mPLS methods, respectively. Both PLS and mPLS methods gave similarly accurate performance for prediction of antioxidant capacity with SEP of 0.28 mM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and r (2) of 0.82. However, the NIRS models were not successful for flavonoid content with the three methods ( r (2) < 0.4). The models reported here are usable for routine screening of a large number of samples in early generation screening in breeding programs.     

不同地表状况耕地的田面糙率研究

田面糙率是影响田面水流运动的重要参数之一.该文针对裸地、翻耕地和作物地3种不同地表状况耕地的田面糙率进行研究.分析确定了裸地和翻耕地田面糙率的主要影响因素为田面凹凸程度,作物地田面糙率的主要影响因素还包括根茎宽度和根茎高度;进行了3种地表状况的田面凹凸程度、根茎宽度和根茎高度的田间实测及田面水流运动试验;将零惯量模型与优化方法相结合,建立了田面糙率求解的优化模型;根据田面实测资料,利用优化模型求得3种耕地的田面糙率值,据此,建立了裸地、翻耕地和作物地3种耕地田面糙率与其主要影响因素之间的关系式,验证试验结果表明,所建立的关系式正确.这对合理设计田面灌溉系统,提高灌水质量具有重要参考价值.     

基于图像的昆虫远程自动识别系统的研究

只有对害虫进行鉴定才能在农业生产中对害虫进行有目的的防治,而对昆虫进行鉴定只有少数分类专家才能完成,鉴定需求的日益增加与专家相对较少形成了一对尖锐的矛盾.该文的研究尝试为该矛盾的解决提供一条新的思路:在标准方法下获取昆虫图像,并经由Internet网络上传给自动种类识别系统服务器,从而实现远程识别.系统首先对昆虫图像进行基于形状和颜色特征值的提取.昆虫图像的形态特征值由矩形度、延长度、球状型、叶状型、似圆度和7个Hu不变矩等12个特征值组成,颜色特征值由红、绿、蓝、灰度真方图及基于红、绿的二维色度直方图特征值分别组成,然后建立径向基神经网络分类器,每一特征向量由独立的径向基神经网络做为分类器,最终识别由每个分类器识别结果的线性组合而成.采用该系统对16种昆虫进行了测试,每种昆虫取40个样本,20个用做训练、20个用做测试,准确率达到96%以上.