The Optimization for Crop Planning and Some Advances for Water-Saving Crop Planning in the Semiarid Loess Plateau of China

The establishment of water-saving crop planning is an inevitable choice of the water-saving agriculture for the water-deficiency region in the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau of China and the world. The water-saving crop planning refers to the planting structure that centres the adjustment of the crop's adaptation to water, the optimization of temporal and spatial layout for crops, the local natural resources, marketing resources, human resources and financial input to enable region or basin with limited water resources to achieve the maximum economic, social and ecological benefits of planting industry under certain technology and economy. After the analysis on the research progress of optimization theory, optimization goals, optimization methods of water-saving cultivation structure and macro-control measures, it is pointed out that the main deficiencies of the current research of water-saving cultivation pattern optimization are lacking of a strong theoretical basis, and the immaturity of optimization technologies. The future crucial research direction will focus on five aspects such as the special optimization theory system, the division methods by studying the watershed unit and using 3S technology, optimization model based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, evaluation of rationality and macro-control measures on the basis of the public participation.     

优质稻核心种质青六矮1号及其衍生品种的性状相关性研究

对青六矮1号及其衍生品种(品系)的相关分析表明: 产量与有效穗数呈极显著正相关, 与每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数呈显著负相关; 倒三叶长与倒二叶长呈极显著正相关, 与着粒密度呈显著负相关, 与粒长呈显著正相关, 与垩白率呈显著负相关, 与垩白度呈极显著负相关, 与胶稠度呈显著正相关, 与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关. 主成分分析表     

穗肥施用时期对水稻籽粒中胚乳蛋白积累的影响

以武香粳9号为材料研究了不同穗肥施氮时期对水稻籽粒蛋白质积累的影响.结果表明:穗肥的施用提高了籽粒发育过程中单位干重蛋白质含量,以在倒0.5叶施用氮素穗肥影响最大;随施肥时期的延迟,稻米粗蛋白和谷蛋白含量逐步上升,醇溶蛋白含量逐渐降低;倒2.5叶施氮减少了强、弱势粒中蛋白组分的分布和含量,倒0.5叶施氮与此相反;胚乳     

T型单边焊接接头弯曲疲劳裂纹位置研究

对Q345钢的T型单边焊接接头在弯曲循环载荷下的疲劳裂纹产生位置进行了研究,并计算了结构件的名义循环应力最大位置(不考虑焊接引起的截面变化),实际循环应力最大位置(考虑焊接引起的截面变化)。结果表明:疲劳试验中的名义应力最大位置不能反映焊接结构件的真实应力分布情况,而通过考虑焊接引起的截面变化的理论计算和有限元仿真得出的应力分布较为准确,由此得到的最大应力处为焊趾处,与裂纹位置一致。     

风水光互补发电系统多目标优化设计

为了贯彻国家大力发展小水电的政策,满足偏远地区的农村用电需求,可以利用当地的新能源建立风水光互补发电系统,就地发电.为此,在充分考虑互补系统环境价值的基础上,采用了多目标优化策略的模式和模糊线形加权的算法,以确定户用风水光发电系统优化设计的方法,建立互补系统设计的数学模型,并对某村的具体情况进行计算,得出符合实际情况的最优配置.     

木霉菌对甜瓜枯萎病的防治

研究木霉菌T23、Ta22菌株对甜瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用和T23、Ta22二者复合处理对甜瓜枯萎病的室内及田间防治效果,结果表明：T23与Ta22对枯萎病菌拮抗系数都很高,二者复合处理对甜瓜枯萎病的田间相对防效可达79．00％。     

Effects of formic acid and potassium diformate on the fermentation quality,chemical composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of potassium diformate (KDF) as a potential additive for alfalfa silage. Fresh alfalfa was untreated or treated with formic acid (4 g/kg fresh weight, FW) or three concentrations of KDF (4, 5.5 or 7 g/kg FW). After 60 days of ensiling, the addition of formic acid and greater levels of KDF (5.5 and 7 g/kg) effectively reduced silage pH and inhibited the undesirable bacteria, indicated by lower butyric acid, ethanol, ammonia N concentrations and microbial populations (including enterobacteria, yeasts, moulds and clostridia). Additives decreased the dry‐matter loss, and more water‐soluble carbohydrates were preserved in the silages with formic acid or potassium diformate than in the control. Alfalfa silages treated with formic acid at 4 g/kg FW or potassium diformate at 5.5 or 7 g/kg FW were classified as the highest quality silage based on the higher Flieg's point (above 70) and remained stable for more than 9 days during aerobic exposure. Potassium diformate is recommended as an effective additive for alfalfa silages at a level of 5.5 or 7 g/kg FW under the humid and hot conditions of southern China.     

天山野果林塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌的鉴定

为了解新疆天山野果林中塞威士苹果Malus sieversii与其林下伴生植物短距凤仙花Impatiens brachycentra两种植物叶斑病病原菌的多样性及同源性,采用组织分离法获得病原菌,基于rDNA-ITS序列构建系统发育树,并进行ITS序列BLAST同源性比对,对病原菌进行鉴定分类,并依据科赫氏法则测定致病性。结果显示,从新疆新源县天山野果林中的塞威士苹果及短距凤仙花病叶上共分离得到18株菌落形态各异的病原菌,分属于2属4种,绝大多数属于半知菌亚门。其中,链格孢属Alternaria sp.为塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌中的优势菌群。致病性测定结果显示,其中11株病原真菌对塞威士苹果具有致病性,7株病原真菌对短距凤仙花具有致病性;塞威士苹果所有的病原真菌对短距凤仙花均有致病性,而且短距凤仙花所有的病原真菌对塞威士苹果也有致病性。推测2种植物叶斑病可能由相同来源的病原真菌引发,短距凤仙花染病加剧了塞威士苹果叶斑病暴发,可能是野果林退化的重要原因。     

农药包装废弃物回收处置管理的思考

本文在深入调研农药包装废弃物的回收处置现状上,提出一是加快土地流转,转变农业生产方式,实行科学种养和统防联治;二是开展调研立法,从源头增收排污和包装废弃物回收处置费;三是组建或聘用专业的基层技术服务队;四是合理布局,建立和完善处置体系装备;五是实行补贴“一票否决制”和“补偿激励”机制的意见及建议。从源头和制度上切实解决“有人干、有经费、有设备、有制度”保障等问题,切实做好农药包装废弃物的回收处置工作,实行乡村振兴的优居环境。     

非道路动力底盘线控四轮独立转向控制系统研究

我国苜蓿主要生产区为甘肃、宁夏等路况复杂的山地丘陵地带,用于苜蓿收获的非道路动力底盘的行驶灵活性将直接影响其作业性能。为改善其低速工况下的行驶灵活性,基于车辆三自由度动力学模型提出了非道路动力底盘以跟随已知路线前进为目标的多种工况下的分层控制策略,搭建了四轮转向硬件在环实验平台,并进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明:动力底盘模型能够实现轨迹跟随、原地转向及斜向行驶,质心位置最大偏差为0.6 4 1 8 m,中心线方向最大偏差为3.3 0 9 6 rad。开发的控制系统取得较好的半实物仿真效果,为改善非道路动力底盘低速情况下转向灵活性提供了理论基础。