Privatization of Veterinary Services in Developing Countries: A Review

Increasing fiscal constraints on the government, a lackadaisical performance by public sector animal health and breeding services and pressure from donor partners have prompted the governments of various developing countries to rethink the role of the public sector in the provision of veterinary services. Various countries have started to implement, or have already implemented, privatization of some veterinary services. The results are mixed. It is established that private provision alone is not optimal, and a blend of private and public sector veterinary services is required to utilize the virtues of both.The privatization process has also begun in India. Certain state governments in India are pursuing a cost recovery approach and are encouraging private practitioners to cope with the financial constraints and to deliver broad and effective animal health and breeding services. This paper considers the global aspects of the privatization of veterinary services as well as the scenario in India, so as to gain an insight into the very complex and debatable issue of privatization of veterinary services.     

中药"增免散"对肉鸡免疫器官及生长发育的影响

1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏200只随机分4组，“增免散”按饲料量0．5％、1％、1．5％分别添加到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组，对照组为Ⅳ组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组从第7天开始投药，各组于第7、21天用LaSota活苗免疫，然后于第7、14、28、49天测定血液中HI抗体水平，并检测“增免散”对免疫器官和生长发育的影响。结果表明，中药“增免散”按1％、1．5％添加能显著提高Lasota活苗接种雏鸡的HI抗体水平，延长其持续时间，能促进雏鸡免疫器官的生长发育，并能促进肉鸡的生长发育，提高饲料转化率。     

An Altered aroA Gene Product Confers Resistance to the Herbicide Glyphosate

The hypothesis that the herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) acts on plants and microorganisms by inhibiting synthesis of 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate, a precursor to aromatic amino acids, was tested. Salmonella typhimurium was treated with ethyl methanesulfonate, and mutants mapping at the aroA locus, which encodes 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthetase, were isolated by selection for glyphosate resistance. One of the mutants results in the synthesis of a 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthetase that is resistant to inhibition by glyphosate. The mutant aroA gene and the corresponding wild-type allele were cloned. The mutation confers high resistance to glyphosate when introduced in Escherichia coli in the presence or absence of the wild-type aroA allele.     

宏观把脉云南普洱茶产业发展及对策分析

用PEST及EFE分析方法,从政治、经济、社会、技术4方面罗列和分析了普洱茶的发展状况,依此制定了EFE矩阵。并通过归纳上述4个方面存在的机会和威胁,得出了未来普洱茶的发展趋势以及普洱茶     

陕西关中东部棉花抗旱品种农艺节水综合技术研究

按照生态农业理论和抗旱节水技术要求,对棉花抗旱品种、不同密度、不同基肥N、P的施用量进行田间综合试验,采用正交设计法。3年试验研究结果表明:密度以每公顷种植7.5万株比4.5万株、6万株平均增产671.85kg、483.30kg,增产57.49%和41.36%。品种陕402(早熟)、陕576(中早熟)分别比中棉所19(中熟)增产16.62%和16.17%,具有较强抗旱性。磷酸二铵比尿素增产作用明显,每公顷施150、225kg分别增产11.35%和10.53%。     

论儒家道德与当代大学生道德教育的结合

儒家传统道德思想中的"修身"、"仁爱"、"礼仪"、"信"、"义"、"廉耻"、"忠"、"孝"、"自省"、"慎独"等内容,对培养当代大学生基本道德准则、养成遵守日常社会规范的习惯,仍然具有十分积极的作用.将儒家传统道德思想与当代大学生思想道德教育有机结合,有利于充实和丰富大学生德育教育内容,提高德育工作的实效性.     

用直接估计法预测落叶松枯枝含水率的稳定性和外推误差分析

采用Catchpole等提出的直接估计法分析实验室中3组不同直径(0.5,1.0,1.5cm)的兴安落叶松枯枝的失水过程,通过交叉验证研究所得模型的稳定性,并对模型的外推误差进行分析。结果表明:枯枝的时滞和平衡含水率参数变化很小,结果具有良好的稳定性。同一直径的不同枝条在时滞、平衡含水率参数等方面存在差异。模型外推没有改变残差的正态分布,但外推后的残差增大。非外推残差集中出现在数值较小的区间上,而外推残差在这些区间上出现的概率下降,在非外推残差没有出现的数值较大的区间上出现的概率增加。研究给出枯枝在不同含水率预测值时不同残差出现的条件概率和均值。随含水率预测值的增加,残差有增加的趋势,不仅是平均值,大的残差出现的概率也在增加。据此可对外推模型所预测的含水率进行评判,确定其误差均值和不同残差出现的可能性,以减少据此进行的火险预报和火行为预报中的不确定性。用至少4个枯枝的混合数据在一定程度上可降低外推误差,减少这种不确定性。由于所有材料和实验条件最大程度上减少了材料和环境的差异,上述结果也可被看作用模型外推预测野外可燃物含水率时可能出现的误差的下限。