Field-Induced Layering of Colloidal Crystals

An electrohydrodynamic methodology has been developed that makes possible the precise assembly of two- and three-dimensional colloidal crystals on electrode surfaces. Electrophoretically deposited colloidal particles were observed to move toward one another over very large distances (greater than five particle diameters) to form two-dimensional colloidal crystals for both micrometer- and nanometer-size particles. This coalescence of particles with the same charge is opposite to what is expected from electrostatic considerations and appears to result from electrohydrodynamic fluid flow arising from an ionic current flowing through the solution. The ability to modulate this "lateral attraction" between particles, by adjusting field strength or frequency, facilitates the reversible formation of two-dimensional fluid and crystalline colloidal states on the electrode surface. Further manipulation allows controlled structures to be assembled.     

新型杀菌剂健达对桑树及家蚕的安全性评价

为明确新型杀菌剂42.4%健达SC（氟唑菌酰胺与吡唑嘧菌酯复配剂）对桑树及家蚕的安全性,比较了不同浓度药剂田间喷雾后不同时间对桑树及家蚕生长发育与经济性状的影响。结果表明：42.4%健达SC 4个浓度处理对桑树均无影响;与清水对照相比,药后20 d,141和212 mg·L-1健达SC处理的桑叶对2龄起蚕的发育历期无显著影响,但是延迟了3,4,5龄期幼虫的发育历期;283和565 mg·L-1健达SC处理的桑叶均对家蚕的生长历期有延迟作用,而且对眠蚕体质量有影响;家蚕取食141和212 mg·L-1健达SC处理的桑叶后,其经济性状与清水对照和药剂对照（10%苯醚甲环唑WDG）相比无显著差异,而取食283和565 mg·L-1健达SC处理的桑叶,其全茧量、茧层量、茧层率和鲜蛹质量均显著低于清水对照和药剂对照。因此,在养蚕期间不宜在桑园及桑园周边农田喷施42.4%健达SC,使用后,其对家蚕的安全间隔期为20 d以上。     

极晚熟杏品种冬杏杂交种子成苗特性研究

[目的J研究不同杏品种杂交组合的种子萌发和幼苗生长差异,为品种选育提供依据.[方法]以冬杏为母本,19个不同成熟期的新疆杏品种为父本进行杂交,对获得的杂交种子进行育苗,测定种子发芽率、播种出苗率、成苗率及幼苗的生长动态,分析各杂交组合之间成苗特性差异.[结果]杂交种子层积60 d后有10个组合发芽率大于60;,发芽率最高的为冬杏×毛拉肖,而冬杏×晚熟胡安娜、冬杏×旦杏和冬杏×卡拉玉吕克没有发芽率.播种成苗率较高的是冬杏×特尔湾玉吕克和冬杏×毛拉肖.冬杏×库曼提、冬杏×大果胡安娜、冬杏自然种子的出苗时间较早,且出苗整齐.在15个成苗的杂交组合中,以冬杏×特尔湾玉吕克、冬杏×毛拉肖生长势较强,其余13个杂交杏苗生长势较弱.[结论]冬杏杂交组合种子的发芽率、出苗率、成苗率之间差异较大,同时,发芽率高的组合成苗率也高;不同杂交组合种子实生幼苗的生长存在差异.     

梁山慈竹在退耕还林中的水土保持效应研究

利用小型径流观测场对比观测降雨时间集中的梁山慈竹林和未退耕种植红薯的耕地的17次降雨、10次水土流失过程进行效益对比,分析侵蚀量、径流量与降雨因子的关系。结果表明,退耕还梁山慈竹林的穿透降水率为89.14%,茎流率平均为1.57%,林冠截持降水率为9.29%;凋落物层的最大持水量约为27.54 t.hm-2,相当于水深2.4～3.3 mm,占降水量的14.46%～19.88%;与未退耕地相比,梁山慈竹林的平均径流量比耕地减少24.6%,而耕地侵蚀量约是林地的4.7倍,林地降水的泥沙侵蚀平均减少量达到78.56%。梁山慈竹有较好的水土保持作用,能够明显地减少地表径流和泥沙侵蚀。     

砂土、砂壤土强筋小麦保优增产技术研究

为了在豫东砂土和砂壤土生态类型区生产出品质达到国家标准的优质强筋小麦,在现行的生产、生态、技术条件下,采用田间小区试验方法,在等氮量的试验条件下,于拔节期和孕穗期2次追施氮肥,结果表明,砂土地强筋小麦比对照增产23.2%;砂土地强筋小麦在拔节期一次重追尿素225kg/hm2,籽粒粗蛋白质含量提高2.55个百分点,提高22.3%,湿面筋含量提高5.2个百分点,提高21.5%,面团稳定时间增加11.2min,弱化度由61降到12,如果把追氮时期再适当后移,其蛋白质、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间又有所提高,弱化度又有所降低。由此说明,生育中后期追氮是提高砂土地强筋小麦产量和品质的关键措施。另外,应用新型增优剂对改善砂土、砂壤土地强筋小麦品质有一定作用,尤其对面团稳定时间的延长有较明显的作用。     

Maintenance of mycoplasma-like organisms occurring in Pyrus species by micropropagation and their elimination by tetracycline therapy

Pear explants ( Pyrus communis cv. Pine) infected with mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) were maintained for more than 3 years by micropropagation on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with gibberellic acid, indole butyric acid and benzyl amino purine. MLOs reached consistently higher concentrations in micropropagated explants than in samples from field-grown plants, although explants remained free from symptoms. MLOs could be eliminated by incorporation of 100/μg/ml oxytetracycline into the growth medium for a period of 4 weeks. These results have implications for plant propagation schemes of symptomless MLO-infected explants raised by micropropagation.     

小麦新品种花培5号的选育特点及应用前景

花培5号是河南省农业科学院农作物新品种重点实验室采用豫麦18与花4 3杂交,对其F₁代花药进行培养选育成功的小麦新品种,2006年通过国家审定。其选育特点是：亲本性状互补性好、遗传基础丰富;组合诱导率高,育种群体大;后代选择以群体表现为主,选择准确性高;进行异地产比试验,缩短了育种周期。花培5号经黄淮区试、生产试验和推广种植表现出丰产性、稳产性和广适性好,品质优良,适宜于黄淮南片麦区高中产水肥地中晚茬种植。