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Effect of daily administration of pyrantel tartrate in preventing infection in horses experimentally challenged with Sarcocystis neurona

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether daily administration of pyrantel tartrate can prevent infection in horses experimentally challenged with Sarcocystis neurona. ANIMALS: 24 mixed-breed specific-pathogen-free weanling horses, 10 adult horses, 1 opossum, and 6 mice. PROCEDURE: Sarcocystis neurona-na?ve weanling horses were randomly allocated to 2 groups. Group A received pyrantel tartrate at the labeled dose, and group B received a nonmedicated pellet. Both groups were orally inoculated with 100 sporocysts/d for 28 days, 500 sporocysts/d for 28 days, and 1000 sporocysts/d for 56 days. Blood samples were collected weekly, and CSF was collected monthly. Ten seronegative adult horses were monitored as untreated, uninfected control animals. All serum and CSF samples were tested by use of western blot tests to detect antibodies against S. neurona. At the end of the study, the number of seropositive and CSF-positive horses in groups A and B were compared by use of the Fisher exact test. Time to seroconversion on the basis of treatment groups and sex of horses was compared in 2 univariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: After 134 days of sporocyst inoculation, no significant differences were found between groups A and B for results of western blot tests of serum or CSF There were no significant differences in number of days to seroconversion on the basis of treatment groups or sex of horses. The control horses remained seronegative. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Daily administration of pyrantel tartrate at the current labeled dose does not prevent S. neurona infection in horses.     

大额牛群体遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析

 利用26对黄牛微卫星引物,对分别来自云南省泸水县凤凰山大额牛保种区和贡山县独龙野牛种源保护基地的2个大额牛群体进行遗传变异分析,研究其群体内的遗传变异和群体间的遗传分化。结果共检测到105个等位基因,每个座位的等位基因数从2~6不等,所有座位平均等位基因数、平均有效等位基因数、平均期望杂合度、平均多态信息含量分别为4.0385±0.9999,3.1393±0.9507,0.6490±0.1246和0.5904±0.1334,表明大额牛群遗传多样性比较丰富。F统计量、基因流、Nei氏遗传距离和遗传相似系数等值反映出两个群体遗传差异较小,遗传分化不明显,遗传一致性较大。     

An outbreak of salmonellosis among horses at a veterinary teaching hospital

Between May 1996 and February 1997, 27 horses and a veterinary student at a veterinary teaching hospital developed apparent nosocomial Salmonella Typhimurium infection. The source of the multiple-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium was a neonatal foal admitted for treatment of septicemia. A high infection rate (approx 13% of hospitalized horses) coupled with a high case fatality rate (44%) for the initial 18 horses affected led to a decision to close the hospital for extensive cleaning and disinfection. Despite this effort and modification of hospital policies for infection control, 9 additional horses developed nosocomial Salmonella Typhimurium infection during the 6 months after the hospital reopened. Polymerase chain reaction testing of environmental samples was useful in identifying a potential reservoir of the organism in drains in the isolation facility. Coupled with clinical data, comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates provided a rapid initial means to support or refute nosocomial infection. Although minor changes in the genome of these isolates developed over the course of the outbreak, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis testing further supported that salmonellosis was nosocomial in all 27 horses.     

环境因子对中条山油松人工林下物种分布的影响

【目的】量化环境要素对山西省中条山油松Pinus tabuliformis人工林下物种分布影响,为进一步揭示中条山油松人工林下物种多样性维持机制提供理论依据。【方法】基于中条山油松人工林样地植物和土壤调查数据,分析环境因子对油松人工林下物种分布的影响。【结果】环境因子对灌木、草本、藤本物种分布的解释率(校正解释率)分别为45.7%(34.5%)、37.0%(20.4%)、43.4%(30.6%);油松林下物种分布主要受非生物环境影响,海拔和土壤通气性是影响该地区物种分布的关键环境因子;灌木和藤本分布主要受海拔影响,草本分布主要受土壤通气性影响,且随着海拔、土壤通气性的升高油松人工林下物种多样性下降。【结论】地形(海拔)和土壤(土壤通气性)因子对区域群落生境的关键塑造作用所形成的环境筛是影响中条山油松人工林下物种分布的关键性因子。图1表5参39     

Pinus sylvestris L., Die gemeine Kiefer

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