Feline malignant lymphoma: log-linear multiway frequency analysis of a population involving the factors of sex and age of animal and tumor cell type and location

A method appropriate for the analysis of multiway frequency tables is described. This multivariate approach was used to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, cell type, and tumor location based on information available from 1,733 cases of feline malignant lymphoma. The analysis identified 6 bivariate relationships to be statistically significant, P less than 0.001; there were no significant higher order interactions observed. Emphasis was placed on 3 interactions: age to tumor location, age to sex, and tumor location to cell types.     

Effects of endotoxin-induced mastitis on the pharmacokinetic properties of aditoprim in dairy cows.

Plasma disposition of aditoprim, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, was studied in healthy cows and cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis. A single dose of 5 mg of aditoprim/kg of body weight was administered IV to 5 healthy cows and to the same cows 3 weeks later at 2 hours after intramammary infusion of 0.1 mg of endotoxin into the rear quarters. Mastitis developed in all endotoxin-infused quarters and cows had systemic signs of disease (fever, tachycardia, depression) from 2 to 10 hours after infusion of endotoxin. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of aditoprim in healthy cows were a large volume of distribution (6.28 L/kg), a systemic clearance of 0.82 L/h/kg, and an elimination half-life of 7.26 hours. In cows with mastitis, plasma concentrations of aditoprim were lower between 5 and 26 hours after injection. The systemic clearance (1.00 L/h/kg) and the volume of distribution (12.25 L/kg) were significantly higher in cows with mastitis, but elimination half-life was not significantly different. The lower plasma concentrations of aditoprim between 5 and 26 hours after injection in cows with mastitis are explained by fluid compartment shifts and/or blood flow changes induced by mastitis, although increased elimination of aditoprim in cows with mastitis cannot completely be ruled out. The antibacterial activity of aditoprim is nearly the same as that of trimethoprim. The longer elimination half-life time of aditoprim, however, indicates that it may have a practical pharmacotherapeutic advantage over trimethoprim.     

Gibberelline,ihre Derivate und Abbauprodukte Eine tabellarische Übersicht

Zusammenfassung Die 9 bisher bekannten natürlichen Gibberelline, ihre Derivate sowie die durch Abbau oder Synthese gewonnenen Gibban-, Isogibban- und Fluorenverbindungen wurden nach strukturellen Gesichtspunkten geordnet tabellarisch zusammengestellt. Die Tabellen enthalten neben der chemisch-systematischen Bezeichnung der Verbindungen deren Summen- und Strukturformeln, die in der Literatur angeführten Schmelzpunkte, optischen Drehwerte, spektroskopischen Angaben (IR, UV, ORD, NMR) sowie Hinweise, auf welchem Wege die Substanzen gewonnen wurden. In einer weiteren Tabelle sind alle genannten Verbindungen nach ihren Schmelzpunkten geordnet.

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Summary A tabulated compilation has been given for the 9 till yet known natural gibberellins, their derivatives as well as the compounds with gibbane, isogibbane and fluorene skeleton obtained by degradation or synthesis. The tables contain in addition to the systematic designation of the compounds the molecular and structural formulae, the melting points, optical rotation values and the spectroscopic data (IR, UV, ORD, NMR), given in the literature. In a further table the mentioned substances are listed according to their melting points.

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¶rt;u 9 ( ) , , , , , . . - : , , , ( , , - ), , . .

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Die Isolierung der Gibberelline A₁₀–A₁₃ wurde kürzlich beschrieben (vgl. S. 340).     

Hybridization of bovine Escherichia coli isolates with gene probes for four enterotoxins (STaP, STaH, STb, LT) and one adhesion factor (K99)

Colony hybridizations with 4 enterotoxins (STaP, STaH, STb, and LT) and 1 adherence factor (K99) gene probes were done on Escherichia coli isolated from calves. Agreement between the K99 probing and a serologic assay to detect the K99 antigen was 99% for the identification of K99+ and K99- isolates. Ninety-five of the isolates (22%) hybridized with at least 1 enterotoxin gene probe (Ent+ isolates), and 82 (19%), with the K99 gene probe. The majority of Ent+ isolates (85%) reacted with probes for STaP and K99 genes. The STaP gene was present by itself in 4 of the Ent+ isolates (4%) and with the STb gene in 6 of the Ent+ isolates (6%). Five of the Ent+ isolates (5%) carried the STb and LT genes, and none (0%) of the isolates carried the STaH gene. All but 2 of the isolates with the K99 gene also had the STaP gene. Twenty-eight isolates shown to produce STa enterotoxin in previous studies failed to hybridize with any of the enterotoxin gene probes. These 28 isolates were also phenotypically negative when the tests for enterotoxin production were repeated. These isolates probably lost their genes for enterotoxin production during storage in the laboratory.