彩色多普勒超声对直径3 cm以上肾上腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对直径大于3 cm肾上腺肿瘤的诊断价值。方法使用彩色多普勒超声检测43例直径大于3 cm肾上腺肿瘤的患者,分析超声图像特征及相关临床资料。结果 43例患者中超声诊断正确41例,误诊1例,漏诊1例;定位诊断率约95.3%。肿瘤以单侧单发为主,其中恶性转移瘤多来自肺癌,且大部分与原发灶来自同侧。肾上腺肿瘤形态多规则,内部回声多为均匀低回声,少许瘤体呈高回声或混合性回声,大部分肿瘤无明显血流信号。结论超声检查对直径大于3 cm肾上腺肿瘤的诊断及临床分型有重要价值。     

施肥量对泰兴香荷芋生长及产量效益的影响

通过对泰兴香荷芋施肥量研究,考查了各处理主要生育期的苗情与长势、成熟期子孙芋产量及商品芋产值效益。结果显示:基施腐熟脱水猪粪15t·hm-2,苗期追施(3.1叶)脱水猪粪15t·hm-2+13-10-18高钾复合肥675kg·hm-2的处理子孙芋产量最高为23 421.90kg·hm-2,商品芋效益为88 506.60元·hm-2;基施有机肥7 500kg·hm-2+苗期追施(3.1叶)有机肥7 500kg·hm-2+13-10-18高钾复合肥450kg·hm-2+膨大肥(8.1叶)13-10-18高钾复合肥900kg·hm-2的处理产量相对较高。     

Major ascaroside pheromone component asc-C5 influences reproductive plasticity among isolates of the invasive species pinewood nematode

Pheromones are communication chemicals and regulatory signals used by animals and represent unique tools for organisms to mediate behaviors and make “decisions” to maximize their fitness. Phenotypic plasticity refers to the innate capacity of a species to tolerate a greater breadth of environmental conditions across which it adapts to improve its survival, reproduction, and fitness. The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, an invasive nematode species, was accidentally introduced from North America into Japan, China, and Europe; however, few studies have investigated its pheromones and phenotypic plasticity as a natural model. Here, we demonstrated a novel phenomenon, in which nematodes under the condition of pheromone presence triggered increased reproduction in invasive strains (JP1, JP2, CN1, CN2, EU1, and EU2), while it simultaneously decreased reproduction in native strains (US1 and US2). The bidirectional effect on fecundity, mediated by presence/absence of pheromones, is henceforth termed pheromone-regulative reproductive plasticity (PRRP). We further found that synthetic ascaroside asc-C5 (ascr#9), the major pheromone component, plays a leading role in PRRP and identified 2 candidate receptor genes, Bxydaf-38 and Bxysrd-10, involved in perceiving asc-C5. These results suggest that plasticity of reproductive responses to pheromones in pinewood nematode may increase its fitness in novel environments following introduction. This opens up a new perspective for invasion biology and presents a novel strategy of invasion, suggesting that pheromones, in addition to their traditional roles in chemical signaling, can influence the reproductive phenotype among native and invasive isolates. In addition, this novel mechanism could broadly explain, through comparative studies of native and invasive populations of animals, a potential underlying factor behind of the success of other biological invasions.     

不同供磷水平对胡麻磷素养分转运分配及其磷肥效率的影响简

 以“坝选３号”胡麻为材料，研究了不施磷、低磷、中磷和高磷４ 个不同施磷（Ｐ_２Ｏ_５）水平（０，３５，７０ 和１０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２）对胡麻植株中磷素累积、转运、分配和磷肥利用效率的影响。结果表明，低磷、中磷和高磷水平时，胡麻各器官不同生育阶段磷素养分吸收和累积量的基本趋势一致，但其变化量与施磷量有极大关系。胡麻地上茎、叶、非籽粒和籽粒中，磷素的日增量增幅因器官而异；胡麻只有叶片中有磷素转移，中磷处理比低磷和高磷处理磷转移量增加５４．９３％～７３．８３％和８．１９％～１０．００％（P＜０．０５），籽粒中２０．４６％～３５．９３％ 的磷素是靠叶片转运而来。胡麻植株磷素累积主要在生殖生长阶段，占整个生育期总累积量的７９．０２％～９２．１７％。施磷（Ｐ_２Ｏ_５）量为７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２时磷肥表观利用率和农学效率最高，分别为２０．２２％～２０．５３％和７．３０～７．４４ｋｇ／ｋｇ。胡麻产量随施磷量增加而增加，增幅最高达２８．９６％～３１．４６％。结合产量与磷肥表观利用率和农学效率，本实验区同等肥力土壤条件下，以施磷（Ｐ_２Ｏ_５）量为７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２（中磷）为宜。     

适用于转录组测序的大白菜小孢子总RNA提取方法筛选

为了找到适用于转录组测序要求的大白菜小孢子总RNA 提取方法，以出胚率较高的吉红82 为试材，以热激诱导处理后的小孢子为研究对象，比较分析了TRIzol 法、改良CTAB 法及超纯试剂盒法3 种方法的RNA 提取效果。结果表明：TRIzol法（磨样）和改良CTAB 法提取的RNA 浓度较高，但完整性较差；超纯RNA 提取试剂盒法提取的RNA 质量最高，且完整性好，能够满足转录组测序的要求。     

便携式XRF仪现场快速测定土壤中Pb的可行性研究

便携式XRF分析仪具有轻便、快速和可测对象较多与测量元素较广等特点而广泛应用于矿石、土壤等方面快速检测,但土壤的现场快速测定结果的准确性有待进一步研究与探讨。以安宁河谷平原土壤中Pb为研究对象,通过对便携式XRF仪现场快速检测结果与实验室分析结果的对比和影响因素的分析,建立基于安宁河谷平原表层土壤快速测定结果的线性函数为y=1.170 9x-17.326 0(R~2=0.992 9,x为现场检测结果),探讨其影响因素,为该区域表层土壤中Pb快速检测结果提供依据。     

Analysis of the independent-and interactive-photo-thermal effects on soybean flowering

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) is a typical short-day and warm season plant, and the interval between emergence and flowering has long been known to be regulated by environmental factors, primarily photoperiod and temperature. While the effects of photoperiod and temperature on soybean flowering have been extensively studied, a dissection of the component photo-thermal effects has not been documented for Chinese germplasm. Our objective of the current study was to evaluate the independent- and interactive-photo-thermal responses of 71 cultivars from 6 ecotypes spanning the soybean production regions in China. These cultivars were subjected in pot experiments to different temperature regimes by planting in spring(low temperature(LT)) and summer(high temperature(HT)), and integrating with short day(SD, 12 h), natural day(ND, variable day-length), and long day(LD, 16 h) treatments over two years. The duration of the vegetative phase from emergence to first bloom(R1) was recorded, and the photo-thermal response was calculated. The outcome of this characterization led to the following conclusions:(1) There were significant differences in photo-thermal response among the different ecotypes. High-latitude ecotypes were less sensitive to the independent- and interactive-photo-thermal effects than low-latitude ecotypes; and(2) there was an interaction between photoperiod and temperature, with the effect of photoperiod on thermal sensitivity being greater under the LD than the SD condition, and with the effect of temperature on photoperiodic sensitivity being greater under the LT than the HT condition. The strengths and limitations of this study are discussed in terms of implications for current knowledge and future research directions. The study provides better understanding of photo-thermal effects on flowering in soybean genotypes from different ecotypes throughout China and of the implications for their adaptation more broadly.