Exploring polymorphisms and their effects on reproductive traits of the INHA and INHβA genes in three goat breeds

In this study, we report the analysis of INHA and INHβA gene polymorphisms in 786 goats of three breeds: Xinong Saanen (SN), Guanzhong (GZ) and Boer (BG). We identified three new allelic variants: P1–C80G and/126G (GenBank accession no. HQ202573) in the three goat breeds and P2–C936T (GenBank accession no. HQ202572) in SN and GZ goat breeds. At P1 locus, AA, AB and BB genotypes were found in the three goat breeds. At P2 locus, CC and CT genotypes were found in SN and GZ goat breeds. After comparing genotype distribution within the three goat breeds, BG had conspicuous differences from SN and GZ (P < 0.001) at P2 locus. The SNP locus was in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium at P1 locus in the three goat breeds (P < 0.05). At P2 locus, the SNP locus was in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium in SN and GZ goat breeds (P < 0.05). Association of polymorphisms with litter size was done at P1 locus in the three goat breeds. The result showed that AA genotype had remarkable litter size at P1 locus in the three goat breeds (P < 0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that INHA gene is a strong candidate gene that affects litter size in goats.     

30味中药提取物与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌体外抑菌作用研究

为筛选与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌具有协同抑菌作用的中药提取物,采用试管二倍稀释法测定30味中药醇提物、水提物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,采用棋盘稀释法测定30味中药醇提物、水提物与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌的部分抑菌浓度（FIC）,采用有机溶剂萃取法初步追踪与环丙沙星联用具有协同抑菌作用的中药萃取物的体外抑菌效果。结果显示,所选30味中药的水提物、醇提物对猪源链球菌均具有一定的抑菌作用,佩兰、黄连、枳壳、郁金等中药醇提物、水提物对猪源链球菌（pf—ce）抑菌活性较强,苍术水提物等对猪源链球菌的抑菌作用较弱;佩兰醇提物与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌的协同抑菌作用最强;佩兰醇提物的乙酸乙酯萃取物、氯仿萃取物与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌分别具有协同、相加抑菌作用。     

利用RAPD技术分析内蒙古中东部草原三种针茅的遗传关系

利用RAPD分子标记技术对14份来自内蒙古中东部草原的贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis Roshev.)、大针茅(S.grandis P.Smirn.)和克氏针茅(S.krylovii Roshev.)进行遗传多态性分析。筛选出16个引物,扩增出223条DNA片段,其中多态性片段为184条,多态性比率为82.51%。结果表明:14份材料呈现出明显的种间相似性,同一种针茅首先聚在一起;每一种针茅都获得了其特有的RAPD条带。     

高效液相色谱法测定4.5%氯氰菊酯乳油中两种异构体的含量

采用高效液相色谱法对4.5%氯氰菊酯乳油中高效cisB及transB的含量进行测定,该方法测定结果稳定,线性良好,重复性较高。     

预混料中维生素E的近红外光谱定量分析模型定标参考值选取

本研究旨在比较以检测值为定标参考值和以理论值为定标参考值2类近红外光谱(NIRS)定量分析模型的预测精准度差异。试验制备了225个维生素预混料样品,利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集样品在10 000～4 000 cm^-1内的NIRS,基于同一维生素预混料定标集,分别以检测值、理论值为定标参考值,借助偏最小二乘方法,筛选最优光谱预处理方式,构建维生素E的NIRS定量分析模型,并根据F-检验,采用同一独立验证集,评价NIRS定量分析模型的预测效果。结果表明：维生素E的NIRS定量分析模型A(Model-A),以检测值为定标参考值,最优光谱预处理方式为多元散射校正,定标集决定系数(R²)为0.992,最小交互验证标准误差(RMSECV)为4.50×10³IU/kg,相对分析误差(RPD)为11.2;维生素E的NIRS定量分析模型B(Model-B),以理论值为定标参考值,最优光谱预处理方式为变量标准化,定标集R²为0.991,RMSECV为4.94×10³IU/kg,RPD为10.6。...     

鸭胚骨骼肌生肌调节因子MyoD1和Myf5发育性变化研究

本研究采用Real-timePCR分析生肌调节因子MyoD1和Myf5在不同鸭品种(高邮鸭和金定鸭)胚胎期及初生早期(13、17、21、25、27日胚龄和出雏后7日龄)骨骼肌发育中的表达模式以及表达差异。结果表明,MyoD1mRNA和Myf5mRNA在两个品种鸭胸肌早期发育中表现出一致的表达规律,均呈"波浪"型;在腿肌早期发育中均呈近似"反√"型的表达趋势,在27日胚龄时表达量最低,出生后7日龄表达量又上升,但MyoD1mRNA的表达量仅有小幅增加,与27日胚龄的表达量差异不显著(P>0.05),而Myf5mRNA的表达量有大幅增加,与27日胚龄的表达量差异极显著(P<0.01),胸肌和腿肌中两基因的mRNA表达量在同一胚龄不同品种间差异均不显著。结果提示:骨骼肌中MyoD1和Myf5基因表达具有显著的时空性,但不存在品种差异,为进一步深入研究MyoD1和Myf5基因在胚胎期骨骼肌发生过程及其调控机理中的功能提供一定的理论依据。     

水貂毛皮成熟期皮肤中EGF、IGF-Ⅰ及IGF-ⅠR基因的表达

为探讨水貂皮肤和毛囊发育机理,试验运用组织学和免疫组化方法对水貂毛皮成熟期皮肤及毛囊中表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor, EGF）和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅰ）及其受体（insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰreceptor,IGF-ⅠR）进行了研究。结果表明,水貂皮肤表皮细胞和毛囊外根鞘细胞中都有IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-ⅠR和EGF基因的强阳性表达,3种基因主要分布于细胞质中,细胞核呈空泡状未见到阳性染色,呈苏木精复染的蓝色,皱褶区域和表皮下胶原结缔组织出现了阳性染色为非特异性阳性结果。IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-ⅠR和EGF基因在水貂皮肤表皮和毛囊外根鞘细胞中广泛表达,直接参与调控皮肤和毛囊的发育。表明EGF、IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-ⅠR基因在水貂皮肤及其衍生结构的发育中发挥着重要作用。     

Bats adjust temporal parameters of echolocation pulses but not those of communication calls in response to traffic noise

Many studies based on acute short‐term noise exposure have demonstrated that animals can adjust their vocalizations in response to ambient noise. However, the effects of chronic noise over a relatively long time scale of multiple days remain largely unclear. Bats rely mainly on acoustic signals for perception of environmental and social communication. Nearly all previous studies on noise‐induced vocal adjustments have focused on echolocation pulse sounds. Relatively little is known regarding the effects of noise on social communication calls. Here, we examined the dynamic changes in the temporal parameters of echolocation and communication vocalizations of Vespertilio sinensis when exposed to traffic noise over multiple days. We found that the bats started to modify their echolocation vocalizations on the fourth day of noise exposure, with an increase of 42–91% in the total number of pulse sequences per day. Under noisy conditions, the number of pulses within a pulse sequence decreased by an average of 17.2%, resulting in a significantly slower number of pulses/sequence (P < 0.001). However, there was little change in the duration of a pulse sequence. These parameters were not significantly adjusted in most communication vocalizations under the noise condition (all P > 0.05), except that the duration decreased and the number of syllables/sequences increased in 1 type of communicative vocalization (P < 0.05). This study suggests that bats routinely adjust temporal parameters of echolocation but rarely of communication vocalizations in response to noise condition.     

牛能量需要量测定方法研究进展

能量是牛日粮的第一限制性养分,确定牛能量需要量是合理配制牛饲料、提高饲料利用效率的重要前提。牛能量需要量的测定方法主要有饲养试验、消化代谢试验、呼吸测热法及比较屠宰法等,论文对上述方法进行了简要综述,为合理进行牛能量需要量评定提供参考。     

人参三醇组皂苷对大鼠急性坐骨神经损伤修复相关蛋白表达的影响

研究人参三醇组皂苷(PTS)对大鼠坐骨神经急性损伤蛋白表达的影响。建立大鼠坐骨神经挤压损伤模型,随机分为PTS组,模型对照组及空白对照组,每组各10只大鼠;各组均经腹腔注射给药,PTS组损伤后注射PTS;模型对照组,损伤后注射同剂量生理盐水;空白对照组,不损伤坐骨神经,注射同剂量生理盐水。坐骨神经损伤术后30d,免疫荧光化学染色检测PTS对损伤侧坐骨神经神经丝蛋白(NF-M)、微管相关蛋白-2(MAP-2)、生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)表达的影响,观察PTS对损伤侧神经的影响。大鼠损伤侧坐骨神经NF-M、MAP-2、GAP-43平均光密度表达(9.66±0.99、12.43±1.44、0.344±0.040)与模型对照组(8.21±1.25、11.90±1.14、0.278±0.042)比较有极显著性差异(P0.01)。PTS可促进坐骨神经损伤大鼠NF-M,MAP-2,GAP-43的表达。