长江安庆段一头死亡长江江豚元素含量分析

针对2017年9月12日发现于长江安庆段的1头野外死亡长江江豚样本(AQJT20170912),采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定其脑、心脏、肝脏、肺、肾、胃、肠、睾丸、肌肉、皮肤10种组织器官中钾(K)、钙(Ca)、钠(Na)、镁(Mg)、钴(Co)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)共12种元素的含量,以期探究各元素在其组织器官中的累积特征。结果显示,该样本Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg在不同组织器官中表现出差异性累积特征,这与水生哺乳动物组织器官元素累积特征相似,在一定程度上反映出各元素在不同组织器官中特有的生理功能。对比分析发现,鲸类动物组织器官常量元素与微量元素的累积特征有一定规律,并不因环境条件的改变而呈显著差别,总体表现为NaKCaFeMgZnCuCo。此外,AQJT20170912各个组织器官中毒性元素Pb、As的含量均较高,这应与其栖息环境的元素背景有关,应予以关注。     

公共财政支持"三农"发展的对策研究

中国自古以来都是以农业大国闻名世界,精耕细作、小农经济是传统中国经济的象征。所 以,中国政府也一直致力于农业的发展建设。目前,“三农”问题是中国共产党所要改善和提升的主要 对象。国内基层群众大部分都属于农民。由此可见,推动农业的发展是当前中国共产党势在必行的 任务。     

漯河地区小麦冻害发生原因及对策

小麦生长发育受冻害影响,而不良的环境条件严重危害小麦成长。冻害主要是指因温差骤降且时间过长影响小麦成长的情况。漯河地区冬季小麦冻害情况极为严重,而二类、三类麦田屡见不鲜,冬季冻害会造成极为严重的经济损失,只有针对其实际情况进行深入分析,并采取有效举措予以应对,即能够保证漯河地区小麦的稳定产量。     

Heterologous expression of the ThIPK2 gene enhances drought resistance of common wheat

Th IPK2 is an inositol polyphosphate kinase gene cloned from Thellungiella halophila that participates in diverse cellular processes. Drought is a major limiting factor in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) production. The present study investigated whether the application of the Th IPK2 gene could increase the drought resistance of transgenic wheat. The codon-optimized Th IPK2 gene was transferred into common wheat through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation driven by either a constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter or a stress-inducible rd29 A promoter from Arabidopsis. Molecular characterization confirmed the presence of the foreign gene in the transformed plants. The transgenic expression of Th IPK2 in wheat led to significantly improve drought tolerance compared to that observed in control plants. Compared to the wild type(WT) plants, the transgenic plants showed higher seed germination rates, better developed root systems, a higher relative water content(RWC) and total soluble sugar content, and less cell membrane damage under drought stress conditions. The expression profiles showed different expression patterns with the use of different promoters. The codon-optimized Th IPK2 gene is a candidate gene to enhance wheat drought stress tolerance by genetic engineering.     

Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize

Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha~(-1). Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.     

三相分离法提取胡椒油树脂的工艺研究

本文以黑胡椒粉为原料,采用三相分离法（TPP）提取胡椒油树脂,研究了胡椒粉添加量、硫酸铵质量浓度、提取液与叔丁醇体积比、pH、温度对胡椒油树脂得率及胡椒碱含量的影响,并通过响应面试验优化了胡椒油树脂的提取工艺。结果表明：最佳提取条件为胡椒粉添加量5%、硫酸铵质量浓度10%、提取液与叔丁醇的体积比1∶0.5、pH 4、温度20℃,在此条件下,黑胡椒油树脂得率为12.90%,黑胡椒油树脂中胡椒碱含量为30.46%,验证试验与模型预测值基本相符。研究结果为工业化提取胡椒油树脂提供参考。     

山地五月茶提取物对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖的抑制活性研究

为深入了解海南岛热带野生植物的保健功能及其活性成分,用CCK-8法检测山地五月茶（Antidesma montanum）果和叶的乙醇提取物对MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞增殖的抑制活性。结果表明,山地五月茶果和叶的乙醇提取物作用72 h对细胞的半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为483 μg/mL和306 μg/mL。叶的乙醇提取物分别经石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,比较各有机溶剂萃取相及剩余水相对乳腺癌细胞抑制增殖活性,结果显示乙酸乙酯相表现出较高的活性,其处理细胞72 h的IC₅₀为150.5 μg/mL。划痕实验和Transwell检测结果表明,乙酸乙酯相提取物具有抑制MDA-MB-231细胞迁移和侵袭的能力。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,乙酸乙酯相提取物能够使MDA-MB-231细胞周期S期显著延长。UPLC-MS/MS分析结果显示,乙酸乙酯相含有穗花杉双黄酮活性成分。穗花杉双黄酮处理MDA-MB-231细胞72 h的抑制增殖IC₅₀为192.6 μg/mL,表明其是山地五月茶抑癌活性成分之一。     

菠萝酸性转化酶基因家族初步生物信息学及表达分析

酸性转化酶（acid invertase, AIN）在菠萝采后蔗糖降解过程中起着重要作用,基于菠萝全基因组数据库,预测菠萝AIN家族基因并进行生物信息学分析,解析其在采后菠萝不同贮藏温度下的表达变化情况,为阐明AIN基因在采后菠萝果实贮藏特性中的作用奠定基础。以水稻AIN家族基因为探针,在菠萝全基因组中鉴定到2个菠萝细胞壁酸性转化酶基因（cell wall acid invertase, CWIN）和2个液泡酸性转化酶基因（vacuolar acid invertase, VIN）,分别命名为AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2、AcVIN1、AcVIN2,设计编码区引物进行测序验证,并进行生物信息学分析。进化分析结果表明,AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2和AcVIN1、AcVIN2蛋白分别归于细胞壁酸性转化酶和液泡酸性转化酶2个进化支上,且均属于糖基水解酶家族GH32,基因结构、保守域和保守基序均一致。荧光定量分析结果表明,菠萝果肉中AcVIN1和AcVIN2在果实采后贮藏过程中表达量升高,且AcVIN1在发生黑心病的部位大量表达,而AcCWIN1和AcCWIN2在采后贮藏过程中表达量逐渐降低,且随着贮藏温度的升高其表达量降低,预示AcVIN1、AcVIN2较AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2在菠萝采后蔗糖降解和黑心病的发生方面发挥着更为重要的作用。     

茶树叶片响应茶饼病侵染的转录组分析

采用高通量测序技术对被茶饼病病菌侵染的茶树叶片进行转录组测序,筛选得到差异基因359个,其中248个上调表达,111个下调表达。差异基因中有216个获得GO（Gene ontology）数据库功能注释,主要涉及到生物合成过程、催化活性、细胞过程等诸多生理生化过程;KEGG（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes）数据库富集分析发现,共有106个基因被注释到47个代谢通路中,其中,单萜生物合成、卟啉和叶绿素代谢、核糖体、氮代谢、双萜生物合成、植物病原互作等通路显著富集。有32个差异基因被鉴定为转录因子,分布在16个转录因子家族中。利用实时荧光定量PCR（Real time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR）验证了随机挑选的差异基因在感病叶片和未感病叶片中的相对表达量,与转录组测序结果的变化趋势一致。结果表明,茶树响应病原菌侵染是一个复杂的过程,大量基因被诱导或抑制表达,与抗病相关的转录因子被大量激活且上调表达。本研究为深入挖掘茶树抗病基因及进一步研究抗病分子机制提供了理论依据。     

花后早期增温对小麦旗叶光合和抗氧化特性及籽粒发育的影响

为探究小麦花后早期增温对其旗叶和籽粒生长发育的影响,以黄淮海南片主栽小麦品种安农0711和烟农19为试验材料,通过在小麦花后0～10 d搭棚覆盖PO薄膜方式进行人工模拟增温（增温1~ 3 ℃）,测定分析了花后早期增温后小麦旗叶光合参数、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量和籽粒性状的变化。结果表明,与常温对照相比,增温显著降低了旗叶净光合速率、叶绿素含量及 CAT和POD活性,增加了旗叶胞间CO₂浓度和MDA含量,加速了旗叶衰老,使籽粒长度、宽度、厚度和千粒重均下降,安农0711和烟农19的粒重降幅分别为5.43%和7.34%。这说明在本试验条件下,花后早期增温不利于小麦旗叶光合和抗氧化作用,加速旗叶衰老,抑制籽粒发育。