The effects of replacement of antibiotics with by‐products of oriental medicinal plants on growth performance and meat qualities in fattening pigs

The effect of by‐products of oriental medicinal plants (OMP; T1) containing 0.03% herb extracts (T2) or 0.1% aminolevulinic acid (T3) on the production performance of swine during the finishing period and on its meat quality were investigated. No significant differences were found in the weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate among the tested groups (P > 0.05). But the treated group showed higher (P < 0.05) moisture and ash and lower protein than the control group. The T3 group showed a lower meat cholesterol content (38.42 mg/100 g) compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The vitamin E content of the muscle in the treated groups was higher compared to the control group. No antibiotic content was detected in all treated and control samples. The values of the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of the treated groups were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the control group. The treated groups had significantly better (P < 0.05) sensory‐test scores for color, flavor, off‐flavor and total acceptability compared to the control group.     

Chemerin analog regulates energy metabolism in sheep

Accumulating data suggest a relationship between chemerin and energy metabolism. Our group previously described gene cloning, expression analysis and the regulatory mechanism of chemerin and its own receptor in mice and cattle. The objective of the present study was to investigate the physiological effect of chemerin on endocrine changes and energy metabolism in sheep using a biologically stable chemerin analog. The chemerin analog was intravenously administrated (100 or 500 µg/head) to sheep, and plasma insulin and metabolites (glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglyceride, total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol) were analyzed. The chemerin analog dramatically increased the insulin levels, and glucose levels were decreased. NEFA levels were slightly decreased at 20 min but then increased gradually from 60 to 180 min after analog administration. In addition, injection of the chemerin analog immediately increased triglyceride and total cholesterol but not HDL levels. These results suggested that chemerin analog regulated insulin secretion related to glucose metabolism and the release of triglycerides in sheep in vivo. This study provides new information about endocrine and metabolic changes in response to chemerin in sheep.     

影响猪精子介导基因转移效果的因素研究

为优化猪精子载体法技术参数,利用荧光定量PCR、荧光显微镜检测和精液常规检测方法,分析不同DNA转染剂、不同孵育温度和不同形态DNA对猪精子转染外源DNA的影响。结果表明,PEI和TransFast转染剂能极显著提高猪精子转染效果,且PEI优于TransFast,而NanoFect转染剂包裹DNA不能转染精子。随着转染温度的升高,精子的活力和活率均明显下降,而转染率和内化外源DNA量基本保持稳定,而吸附外源DNA量呈下降趋势。环状DNA和线性化DNA在与精子共孵育后,两者的精子活力、活率、转染率和内化外源DNA量差异均不显著,精子吸附线性化DNA量极显著高于环状DNA量。综合分析表明,外源DNA形态对猪精子转染效果无显著影响;PEI和TransFast能够显著提高猪精子转染效果;共孵育温度以17℃为最佳,本结果为开展精子载体法制备转基因猪研究提供了基础试验依据。     

2010年新疆兽医系统实验室检测能力比对试验的探讨与建议

2010年9月下旬,由新疆维吾尔自治区动物卫生监督所(动物疫病预防控制中心)实验室牵头开展了全疆兽医系统实验室检测能力比对试验工作。三项比对试验复合率均在83%以上,实验室检测能力考核成绩较为理想,但还是存在实验室技能操作不规范与检验记录不完善等问题。     

猪、犬旋毛虫DNA限制性片段长度多态性分析

以旋毛虫国际标准虫种Ｔ．ｓｐｉｄａｉｓ和Ｔ．ｎａｔｉｖａ作对照,应用ＤＮＡ限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）技术对黑龙江省猪、大旋毛虫进行虫种鉴定。结果显示：猪旋虫和Ｔ．ｓｐｉｒｌａｉｓ酶切图谱相同;犬旋毛虫和Ｔ．ｎａｔｉｖａ酶谱一致,结果提示,黑龙江猪旋毛虫为Ｔｓｐｉｒａｌｉｓ,犬旋毛虫为Ｔ．ｎａｔｉｖａ。     

PG600配合营养调控处理乏情母猪的试验

对部分猪场及个体养殖户所提供的278头乏情母猪,采用PG600配合营养调控方法进行处理,处理后8d内,乏情母猪发情率达74.1%(206/278),重复配种后受胎率达77.7%(160/206),平均产仔数为7.9头(1189/151)。试验证明,PG600配合营养调控处理母猪乏情是可行的。     

我国南方猪高热病的研究(Ⅰ)——大肠杆菌的分离、鉴定和致病性测定

从湖南3个高热病发病猪场11头病死猪的病料组织中均分离出了大肠杆菌,经血清学鉴定,鞭毛抗原(K88、K99、987P和F41)全为阴性反应。经过157种菌体抗原血清学检测,血清型为5、6、15、22、32和83型。药物敏感试验结果表明,分离的大肠杆菌对大多数常用药物耐药,对氟喹诺酮和头孢类药物敏感。将其中4头猪原代分离的大肠菌培养物以原倍(2×107个/mL)、104和108稀释的菌液分别感染18~22 g小白鼠,原倍菌液感染的小白鼠12/30在感染后24 h内出现死亡,而104和108稀释菌液感染的小白鼠均健活;将未经除菌的病死猪组织悬液、过滤除菌的组织悬液、大肠杆菌、过滤除菌的组织悬液及大肠杆菌分别感染30日龄左右的健康小猪,除未经除菌的组织悬液感染猪3/3发病,2/3死亡外,其余所有感染猪只出现体温升高,升幅达1~2℃,减食,精神萎靡,但没有死亡;将死亡猪再次分离到的大肠杆菌感染小白鼠和猪,小白鼠12/15出现死亡,感染猪只出现体温升高(超过1℃),没有出现死亡。结果证明:大肠杆菌在高热病的发病过程中只起协同诱发作用,引起猪发病死亡的真正原因可能是病毒感染。     

西藏牦牛养殖现状、存在问题与发展对策研究

本文就西藏牦牛养殖业现状、存在问题进行了分析研究,提出了主要措施,为今后牦牛养殖业健康可持续发展提供参考。     

骨骼肌电穿孔转基因技术研究进展

目前,在大动物模型试验中,骨骼肌电穿孔转基因技术已被广泛用于转染一些功能基因,并能显著提高非病毒载体基因的转染效率。笔者就电穿孔促进基因通过细胞膜的可能机理及影响骨骼肌电穿孔转基因效率的关键因素（如物种、细胞直径、场强、脉冲参数、电极和电脉冲仪等）进行了综述。     

中草药添加剂在猪生产中的应用研究

中草药添加剂具有无药物残留、促生长等多方面优势,在我国的养猪业中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章综述了猪用饲料添加剂在猪生产中的仔猪生长、猪的育肥、猪的繁殖性能等方面的作用,并指出了现阶段存在的问题。