Molecular Cloning,Sequence Analysis and Tissues Expression Profile of Part of Mink Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Genes

The present study was aimed to explore the potential role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the mink immunity, and accumulate alternative genetic material for the mink breeding for disease-resistant.Four pairs of primers were designed according to ferret TLR sequences in GenBank to obtain the sequences of TLR genes (TLR4, TLR6, TLR7 and TLR8) of mink and then performed bioinformatics analysis of these sequences.In addition, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 genes in various tissues in young and adult minks were analyzed by RT-PCR. Sequence homology analysis showed that mink had higher homology with carnivora (ferrets, polar bear, panda, walrus, seals, dog, tiger and cat) which had the nearest perimeter in the phylogenetic tree.Tissue expression analysis showed that TLR4 and TLR7 were widely and differently expressed in variety tissues of mink.Interestingly, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 in young mink were much higher than that in adult mink.     

三七不同部位总皂苷溶血性及体外免疫活性研究

通过常规正丁醇法提取,大孔树脂层析分离纯化得三七(Panax notoginseng)总皂苷;通过溶血试验测定红细胞溶血率;脾淋巴细胞增殖试验测定三七不同部位总皂苷的生物免疫活性。结果表明,三七不同部位总皂苷溶血性较小,且均能显著促进ConA和LPS诱导小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应,其免疫增强作用以三七主根总皂苷的效果较好。表明三七不同部位总皂苷安全性好,能促进细胞免疫和体液免疫。     

高原特色中药材病虫草鼠害发生危害初探

2012—2014年,针对云南省规模化种植的8种高原特色中药材,采用分类、分级普查法,开展病虫草鼠害调查研究,发现共有28种病虫、22种杂草、6种害鼠;总体发生特点为病害重于虫害;草害发生普遍,程度因种植方式而异;鼠害普遍较重,卡式小鼠为优势种。用统计图表法、t测验、相关性分析、回归分析等方法,对根腐病、地老虎的发生为害与气温、降雨量等气象条件的相关性进行了具体分析,结果表明玛咖根腐病的病情指数与旬均气温、旬降雨量呈显著正相关,滇重楼根腐病相关性次之,珠子参根腐病相关性较小;地老虎的虫情指数与旬均气温之间有一定相关性。     

大豆胞囊线虫主效抗病基因Rhg4(GmSHMT)的CAPS/dCAPS标记开发和利用

大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)严重危害世界大豆生产,Rhg4(resistance to Heterodera glycines 4)是控制大豆SCN抗性的2个主效位点之一。本研究针对Rhg4(Gm SHMT)上的2个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)位点开发了快速、经济、简便易行的CAPS(Rhg4-389)和d CAPS标记(Rhg4-1165),并用开发的2个标记鉴定了以大豆胞囊线虫应用核心种质为主的193份代表性抗感种质。结果表明,Rhg4-389和Rhg4-1165位点间存在显著连锁不平衡(P=0.0001,r2=0.87),可形成4种单倍型。Rhg4-389-G/Rhg4-1165-T和Rhg4-389-C/Rhg4-1165-A为优势单倍型,稀有单倍型Rhg4-389-G/Rhg4-1165-A和Rhg4-389-C/Rhg4-1165-T是在中国抗源中新发现的单倍型。结合193份种质对SCN 3号小种抗性鉴定分析发现,Rhg4-389-G和Rhg4-1165-T主要存在于抗病种质,它们形成的单倍型对抗病种质鉴定效率可达94.1%。本研究开发了可用于辅助大豆SCN抗性鉴定且方便育种家利用的CAPS/d CAPS标记,且用其摸清了应用核心种质等重要抗源在Rhg4位点的"本底",为育种家有效利用这些优异抗源提供了重要信息。     

试论微型学习之于传统学习的优势

微型学习是以微型内容为特点,微型媒体为支撑的非正式学习模式。它适应了当代生活语境下人们对知识获取方式创新的要求,倡导了学习者尊重自身生命体验的情感回归,体现了人作为受教育者的社会性发展的重要路径,同时也为培养学习者综合能力提供了重要平台。     

用酶法制备藏羊血食用蛋白粉的研究

采用四因素三水平正交试验,对藏羊血制备食用蛋白的工艺进行了分析。经分析食用蛋白粉水解最佳条件为：酶解用酶量4.5g,酶解温度为46℃,酶解时间为7.5h,酶解的pH值为10.5,活性炭作用于水解液时由室温升至80℃所需最佳时间为6～8min。     

棉花单核苷酸多态性标记研究进展

单核苷酸多态性标记已在农作物研究中得到广泛应用并取得重大进展。为了便利棉花SNP(Single nucleotide polymorphism)标记的研究和应用,介绍了利用基因芯片、简化基因组测序、重测序等在棉花中开发SNP标记的方法 ,综述了SNP标记在棉花遗传图谱构建、数量位点的定位和分子标记辅助育种、基因组测序以及系统进化等研究中的应用。并对异源四倍体棉花中SNP标记开发时,同源序列位点和部分同源序列位点上的SNP标记辨别问题进行了系统探讨,对其快捷的开发、检测方式和在数量基因定位中的应用前景进行了展望。     

农业现代化过程中我国农机合作社的特点、困境与对策

我国正处在从传统农业向现代农业转变的关键阶段.高度的农业机械化是现代农业的一个重要特征.我国农机作业合作社发展迅速,积累了大量的成功经验,但是也面临着一些问题,需要从加强对农机作业合作社人员的教育与培训、增加农机作业合作社的规模化效益、完善农机作业合作社内部运行机制和政府营造良好的外部环境等方面予以解决.     

猪的福利与放牧养猪

通过对动物福利的概况阐述,分析了我国猪饲养环境中存在的动物福利问题以及放牧养猪对猪只福利的影响,提出了发展放牧养猪的思路。     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.