区块链技术在农业领域的应用

区块链技术经过多年的发展,已逐步应用到各个领域。在数字农村、数字农业和智慧农业推进中,将区块链技术应用到农业领域,能够减少农业发展的制约性因素,解决农业发展中存在的瓶颈,提升农业信息化和现代化水平。但是,当前区块链技术在农业领域的应用尚不成熟,加强相关应用研究很有必要。在分析区块链技术的概念与特征的基础上,讨论区块链技术在农业领域的应用意义与瓶颈,提出区块链技术在农业领域的应用对策。      

北疆早熟棉“新陆早”系列品种主要性状演化分析

【目的】分析新疆北疆早熟棉"新陆早"系列品种主要性状演化情况,为北疆早熟棉花育种提供参考。【方法】对41个"新陆早"系列品种8个主要性状的演化进行了分析。【结果】生育期、籽指、比强度和马克隆值没有明显的变化趋势;单铃重、皮棉产量和绒长的演化趋势都极显著拟合于幂指数曲线模型,衣分的演化趋势极显著拟合于S曲线模型。【结论】北疆早熟棉育种对生育期控制较好,对单铃重、衣分、皮棉产量和绒长的选择力度较大;在今后的育种中要加强对纤维比强度和马克隆值的选择;目前以常规育种方式来提高皮棉产量的潜力已经较小,有望通过推广杂交种、远缘杂交育种等途径加以突破。     

超量表达BoFLC3、AtFT 对芥菜开花期和抗寒性的影响

 将来自甘蓝的BoFLC3 基因和拟南芥的AtFT 基因在芥菜中单独或共同表达发现,BoFLC3超量表达后,无论是长日照还是短日照条件下,转基因芥菜植株开花时间均明显延后;BoFLC3 超量表达植株低温春化处理后,相对于未春化处理的转基因植株出现花期提前现象,但仍晚于非转基因对照植株;AtFT 基因超量表达植株开花时间比非转基因对照植株大幅度提前。BoFLC3 植株与AtFT 植株杂交获得的BoFLC3 和AtFT 共表达植株开花时间与非转基因对照基本接近,显示BoFLC3 和AtFT 基因超表达对植物开花时间的影响效应可以相互抵消。同时,超量表达BoFLC3 基因的芥菜植株抗寒性大幅度提高,而AtFT基因的超量表达不影响植株抗寒性,表明BoFLC3 基因可能参与了植物的抗寒反应。     

黔东南州油茶林害虫的群落组成及物种多样性

为给油茶害虫的防治提供依据,采用标准地调查法对贵州省黔东南州主要油茶产区油茶林害虫的群落结构、物种多样性和变化规律进行研究。结果表明:共采集到油茶害虫64种,隶属6目31科;油茶象分布广、危害重,是油茶的主要害虫,应进行重点防治。油茶害虫种类和数量在6月最高,天柱县和从江县油茶害虫物种多样性较高;人为干扰和农药的大量施用,使油茶成熟林的害虫多样性高于其他类型,但不同类型油茶林的害虫群落间相似性较低。     

"绿源"有机肥不同施用方式对番茄生长及果实品质的影响

研究了"绿源"有机肥对露地番茄生长及果实品质的影响,以为绿色食品生产和科学施肥提供借鉴。结果表明:"绿源"有机肥不同施用方式对番茄中、后期的氮素吸收,前、中期磷素吸收,全生育期钾素吸收无显著影响。"绿源"有机肥配施少量化肥可显著提高单株果数、单株产量,有利于促进番茄的生殖生长,提高产量及果实品质。     

种下分层施用有机肥和化肥对花生产质量的影响

采用花生营养分层调控-起垄-播种一体机,通过研究花生种下分层施用有机肥与化肥对花生生长发育、养分积累、产量和品质、土壤理化性状的影响,旨在为砂姜黑土区夏花生微域土壤调理、高效施肥提供科学依据。结果表明,与有机肥和化肥撒施相比,种下施肥能改善花生农艺性状、提高经济性状,改善土壤理化性状,增加花生养分积累量,油酸含量平均增加1.94个百分点,产量平均增加554.0 kg/hm²,增产11.2%,其中,花生种下5和8 cm分层施用有机肥600 kg/hm²和化肥600 kg/hm²产量最高,为5759.4 kg/hm²。花生种下5和8 cm分层施用有机肥和化肥的产量比种下5 cm同层施用有机肥和化肥的产量平均增加175.7 kg/hm²,平均增产3.3%,油酸含量平均增加0.89个百分点。化肥减施25%时,花生种下施用有机肥和化肥比有机肥和化肥撒施产量平均增加258.1～419.4 kg/hm²,平均增产5.2%～8.5%,油酸含量平均增加0.75～1.71个百...     

充分发挥林业对农民就业增收的主渠道作用——对乐都县农民务林就业情况的调查

通过对乐都县农民务林就业现状的调查,分析了农民选择务林就业的原因和存在的问题,提出了促进农民务林就业的建议和对策,希望对有关部门在引导农民就业增收有所裨益。     

Influence of Heat Stress on the Cortisol and Oxidant‐Antioxidants Balance During Oestrous Phase in Buffalo‐Cows (Bubalus bubalis): Thermo‐protective Role of Antioxidant Treatment

In the present study, the effect of heat stress, which is commonly observed in the animals of Upper Egypt area in summer, as well as the effect of antioxidant treatment as a thermo‐protective was examined. In this study, the animals (n = 120) were divided into winter group (n = 40, bred during winter) and summer group (n = 80, bred during summer) as well as, animals in the summer group were divided into first subgroup animals (n = 40) and injected with Viteselen intramuscularly (15 ml) twice weekly for 10 weeks and second subgroup animals (n = 40) were not treated (as control). Serum levels of progesterone (P4), oestradiol (E2), cortisol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidase (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The pregnancy rate of all animals was detected rectally. The levels of oestradiol and the activity of the antioxidant SOD were decreased in serum of animals in behavioural oestrus during summer as compared with those in winter. During the same time period the levels of oxidants such as LPO and NO were increased in the serum of animals again in the phase of oestrus. In another group of animals treated by intramuscular injection with 15 ml viteselen (antioxidant) twice weekly for 6 weeks during hot months, the activities of serum SOD showed an increase and the levels of oxidants and cortisol decreased. Moreover, the levels of oestradiol were increased during the oestrous behaviour. The pregnancy rate was decreased in animals under heat stress and the pregnancy rate was enhanced dramatically when these animals received antioxidants during the heat stress. This means that the heat‐stress in Upper Egypt may affect the fertility of animals and pregnancy rate and this effect may be through an increased production of free radicals and decreased production of antioxidants as well as increased levels of cortisol. Treatment of animals or supplementation with antioxidants before the beginning of months of heat‐stress and also during the stress period may correct the infertility due to heat‐stress through the decrease in cortisol secretion and a decrease in the oxidative stress. These results resulted in an increase in pregnancy rate in treated animals.     

黄河三角洲盐碱地造林绿化关键技术

[目的]解决黄河三角洲地区盐碱地改良造林绿化的难点。[方法]分析黄河三角洲目前的盐碱地资源和特点,阐述盐碱地改良与造林绿化现状。在此基础上,依据前人的技术和研究成果,结合作者多年来盐碱地生态改良的研究与实践。[结果]提出了适宜黄河三角洲盐碱地造林绿化的关键技术:(1)利用传统方法造林绿化改良盐碱地;(2)重视新技术和新成果的应用。[结论]利用盐碱地造林绿化关键技术,实现黄河三角形洲滨海盐碱地改良是切实可行的。