几种常见桑树病害的识别与防治

桑树是蚕桑产业的重要物质基础。为确保桑树健康成长,促进产业发展,桑树病害的有效识别与及时防控尤为重要。真核微生物、原核微生物及非细胞类病毒中均存在能引发桑树传染性病害的病原微生物。其中由真核微生物引起的桑里白粉病与桑椹菌核病,原核微生物引起的桑青枯病与桑疫病是爆发频繁、危害极大的桑树病害。本文就这四种桑树病害的病原、侵染循环、病害识别及防治方法等进行系统梳理,并简要介绍几种非细胞类微生物引起的桑树病害,以期为生产上防治相关病害提供参考。     

粪便移植技术的应用研究

本文综述了粪便移植技术的的概念、由来、研究与进展、作用机理,展望了该技术在兽医上的应用前景,指出其在治疗动物营养代谢疾病、改善机体免疫力低下、增强屏障保护功能、调整机体能量平衡、治疗肥胖和II型糖尿病等方面的应用价值,旨在推广粪便移植疗法在兽医临床上应用。     

塔里木河流域下游植被生态风险遥感定量评估

近年来,生态风险评估已被人们所重视,但到目前为止,生态风险评估还没有一套完整的方法体系。以我国最大的内陆河——塔里木河下游为研究区,将遥感、地理信息系统等技术手段与模糊数学方法相结合,根据ERA框架和层次分析思想建立塔里木河下游植被的生态风险评估指标,运用模糊综合评判的方法进行塔里木河下游植被生态风险的遥感定量评估,并在评估结果的基础上进行可视化分析。结果表明:在流域生态风险评估缺乏有效的定量评估方法的情况下,Fuzzy集合论与AHP方法结合的模糊综合评判方法是可行的,具有较高的科学性;运用遥感、地理信息系统(GIS)等技术手段,实现了评估结果的定性、定量和可视化。     

Study on the variation of trace elements and oxidative stress in diaphragm of the diabetic rats

AIM:To investigate the relationship between trace elements and oxidative stress in diabetic diaphragm. METHODS: Contents of copper(Cu), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),molybdenum(Mo) and lithium(Li) in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat diaphragm muscles were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, andtheir superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) contents were detected. RESULTS: The contents of Cu, Zn, Cr and Li were lower and the Fe and Cd were higher in diabetic rat diaphragm muscles than that of the control group, but there were no significant differences in Mn, Co and Mo, between control and diabetic group. SOD activities decreased significantly and MDA contents increased significantly in diaphragm of diabetic rats as compared with the control group.In addition,in diabetic rats diaphragm, there was a positive correlation between Zn and SOD, and negative correlation between Zn and MDA, and Cd and SOD. CONCLUSION: Changes of the contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, Li and the increase of oxidative stress in diaphragm were found in the early diabetes, and Zn, Cd play an importment role in oxidative stress of diabetic diaphragm.     

鸡ADSL基因和GARS-AIRS-GART基因对鸡肉肌苷酸(IMP)含量的影响

以鸡ADSL基因、GARS-AIRS-GART基因为侯选基因,以隐性白羽鸡、丝羽乌骨鸡、萧山鸡、白耳鸡、藏鸡为试验材料,采用PCR-SSCP方法对ADSL外显子2、GARS-AIRS-GART基因5′侧翼序列进行SNPs检测。结果各发现了一个单核苷酸多态性位点。各种基因型与胸肌IMP含量的最小二乘分析结果表明:ADSL基因TT型个体的胸肌肌苷酸含量极显著地高于CC型、显著地高于CT型个体,CT型个体也高于CC型,但差异不显著;GARS-AIRS-GART基因TT型个体的胸肌肌苷酸含量极显著地高于CT型和CC型个体,CT型个体也高于CC型,但差异不显著。ADSL和GARS-AIRS-GART基因的合并基因型对IMP含量也有显著的影响,合并基因型为TTTT的个体IMP含量显著高于CCCC合并基因型的个体,高出1.584 mg/g,因此可以利用该合并基因型对鸡的肉质风味性状进行标记辅助选择。     

微生物菌剂在蔬菜基质研发与应用上的研究进展

综述了在固体有机废弃物基质发酵过程中,添加微生物菌剂对堆体温度、p H值、养分含量和C/N等关键腐熟指标的影响,分析了微生物菌剂在蔬菜基质育苗和栽培上的应用效果及其作用机制,并展望了微生物菌剂在未来基质研发上的应用前景,以期为含有微生物菌剂的功能型蔬菜基质开发提供新的思路。     

骨骼肌卫星细胞自我更新的研究进展

骨骼肌卫星细胞（skeletal satellite cells）是一类位于骨骼肌纤维细胞膜与基底膜之间的成体干细胞,在骨骼肌损伤修复过程中起着重要的作用。随着研究的不断深入,人们对骨骼肌卫星细胞的功能及其作用机制了解也越来越多,但目前仍存在着许多未解之谜。骨骼肌卫星细胞是如何进行自我更新调控的,研究者们提出了骨骼肌卫星细胞进行自我更新的模式假说及其可能的信号转导通路,作者对其最新研究进展作一概述。     

杏(Prunus armeniaca)自交不亲和强度及其授粉受精相关特性

为了解杏自交不亲和性强度与授粉受精相关特性的关系,以自交亲和(Self-compatibility:SC)品种凯特(Prunus armeniaca L．cv．Katy)和自交不亲和(Self-incompatibility:SI)品种新世纪(P.armeniaca L.cv．Xinshiji)及凯特×新世纪杂种群体为试材,荧光显微镜观察自交亲和与自交不亲和杏花粉管生长动态。结果表明,授粉后初期,自交亲和性与自交不亲和性的杏花粉都能正常萌发、生长,但是在花粉管生长延伸到花柱1／2以后,自交亲和性的花粉管能顺利进入子房,而自交不亲和性的花粉管多数顶端膨大呈球形,停止向下生长,只有极个别能正常生长到达子房;杂种后代的可溶性蛋白含量和RNA酶比活力,与亲本相比无明显的趋中变异表现,而且在自交亲和与自交不亲和杏之间无显著性差异。     

猪圆环病毒2型Rep蛋白ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速检测猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)抗体的方法,本研究通过基因合成PCV2的Rep编码序列,将其克隆至pET-28a(+)并在E.coli中表达,表达的重组Rep蛋白经Ni2+亲和纯化.采用纯化的目的蛋白作为包被抗原,建立检测PCV2 Rep蛋白抗体的间接ELISA方法.结果表明最佳抗原包被浓度为200 ng/孔,血清和二抗最佳反应时间分别为1h和30 min.该方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,与韩国金诺公司试剂盒的符合率为81.4％,表明建立的ELISA方法可以用于PCV2的流行病学检测.     

Combination of dihydromyricetin and cisplatin significantly induces overexpression of Noxa and Bim in PC3 cells

AIM:To investigate the adjuvant effect of dihydromyricetin on cisplatin-based chemotherapy in prostate cancer and its mechanisms. METHODS:The viability of LNCaP and PC3 cells treated with different concentrations of dihydromyricetin and cisplatin was measured by MTT assay. The expression of FOXO1, Noxa and Bim, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in PC3 cells treated with dihydromyricetin and cisplatin were determined by Western blot. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to detect the interaction of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-9 in the PC3 cells. The apoptotic rate of PC3 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS:Adjuvant therapy of dihydromyricetin significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin against prostate cancer in vitro. Dihydromyricetin significantly promoted the expression of FOXO1 in the PC3 cells. However, transfection with FOXO1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) obviously suppressed the adjuvant effect of dihydromyricetin. Combination of cisplatin and dihydromyricetin significantly induced the overexpression of Noxa and Bim, the release of cytochrome C, the interaction of Apaf-1 and caspase-9, the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and the apoptosis in the PC3 cells. On the other hand, transfection with FOXO1 siRNA obviously suppressed the apoptotic pathway of PC3 cells treated with dihydromyricetin and cisplatin. CONCLUSION:Dihydromyricetin enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin against prostate cancer through the FOXO1-Bim/Noxa pathway in vitro.