根皮苷对平邑甜茶幼苗生理特性的影响

 【目的】探讨不同浓度根皮苷对平邑甜茶幼苗生理特性的影响。【方法】以平邑甜茶幼苗为试材，研究砂培条件下，不同浓度根皮苷对幼苗生物量和生理特性的影响。【结果】根皮苷浓度为0.001 mmol•L-1时促进幼苗生长，浓度达到1 mmol•L-1时开始抑制幼苗的生长，降低了干物质积累。随着处理浓度的增加，抑制作用加强。用浓度为1 mmol•L-1的根皮苷处理幼苗，叶片和根尖的超微结构受到破坏。保护性酶活性在处理初期提高，随着根皮苷浓度的增加和处理时间的延长，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性一直增加，过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先上升后下降，丙二醛（MDA）含量增加，造成细胞膜伤害，膜脂过氧化。高浓度根皮苷降低了幼苗的光合速率和蒸腾速率。【结论】高浓度根皮苷对幼苗的生长有抑制作用，是造成重茬障碍的重要因素。     

干旱胁迫和播种方式对小扁豆生化指标与生物量的影响

采用盆栽试验,对不同播种方式和水分处理下2个小扁豆品种叶片中丙二醛、脯氨酸含量及生物量进行了初步研究。结果表明,随着水分处理时间增加,2种水分处理下小扁豆叶片中丙二醛和脯氨酸含量均呈增加趋势,且从水分处理开始,低水处理小扁豆叶片中的丙二醛和脯氨酸含量均高于高水处理。播种方式对小扁豆叶片中丙二醛、脯氨酸含量也有一定影响,单播方式下,两品种小扁豆叶片中丙二醛、脯氨酸含量变化趋势基本相似,且品种龙泉的含量稍大于清水;混播方式下,品种龙泉的丙二醛含量大于清水,但脯氨酸含量则相反,为品种清水大于龙泉。地上生物量及籽粒产量在不同处理下,以品种清水显著高于龙泉,表明品种清水水分利用效率高于龙泉。通过试验分析可知,品种清水抗旱性强于龙泉,且品种清水混播优于单播,而龙泉单播优于混播。     

5个烤烟新品种与云烟87的比较研究

 为筛选出适应丽江地区烤烟种植区优质、适产、抗病性强的新品种,在2009～2010年于丽江市永胜县开展了以云烟87为对照,XYN87,云烟113,云烟114,云烟115,T29共5个新品种的区域试验。进行了生物学性状、抗病性、经济性状等观测分析。结果表明：在5个供试品种中,T29的经济性状最好,产量为3256.35kg/hm2;在抗病性上云烟113最优,白粉病病株率3.75%为最低;从化学成分上看,云烟115与T29的糖碱比分别为10.78和9.31,化学成分最协调。两年的适应性研究结果的主成分分析法综合成分得分T29为1.07674,表现最佳。     

四川丘陵区农林系统和农草系统流域的径流和土壤水分特征

A study was conducted in a hilly area of Sichuan Province, Southwestern China, to compare the streamflow and soil moisture in two upland watersheds with different land use patterns. One was an agroforestry watershed, which consisted mainly of trees with alder (Alnus cremastogyne Burkill) and cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) planted in belts or strips with a coverage of about 46%, and the other was a grassland primarily composed of lalang grass (Imperata cylindrica var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb.), filamentary clematis (Clematis filamentosa Dunn) and common eulaliopsis (Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubb) with a coverage of about 44%. Streamflow measurement with a hydrograph established at the watershed outlet showed that the average annual streamflow per 100 mm rainfall from 1983 to 1992 was 0.36 and 1.08 L s^-1 km^-2 for the agroforestry watershed and the grass watershed, respectively. This showed that the streamflow of the agroforestry watershed was reduced by 67% when compared to that of the grass watershed. The peak average monthly streamflow in the agroforestry watershed was over 5 times lower than that of the grass watershed and lagged by one month. In addition, the peak streamflow during a typical rainfall event of 38.3 mm in August 1986 was 37% lower in the agroforestry watershed than in the grass watershed. Results of the moisture contents of the soil samples from 3 slope locations (upper, middle and lower slopes) indicated that the agroforestry watershed maintained generally higher soil moisture contents than the grass watershed within 0-20 and 20-80 cm soil depths for the upper slope, especially for the period from May through July. For the other (middle and lower) slopes, soil moisture contents within 20-80 cm depth in the agroforestry watershed was generally lower than those in the grass watershed, particularly in September, revealing that water consumption by trees took place mainly below the plow layer. Therefore, agroforestry land use types might offer a complimentary model for tree-annual crop water utilization.     

转基因及常规水稻幼苗对潮霉素敏感性的研究

研究了转基因及常规水稻幼苗叶面喷施潮霉素B溶液后的反应。结果发现,常规水稻吸收潮霉素B后,叶片会出现以褐斑为特征的中毒症状。在50～100mgL浓度范围内,褐斑的数目和面积随时间和浓度的增加而增加,溶液中滴加DMSO可提高潮霉素对稻苗的毒性。浓度在75mgL及以上时,喷后第7天,处理的所有幼苗都出现症状。而浓度在50mgL时,个别幼苗经处理后未出现中毒症状。在上述浓度范围内,带潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因(hpt)的Bt转基因水稻(克螟稻)幼苗均未出现中毒症状。苗期鉴定与抽穗前后成株期鉴定的结果相一致。讨论了叶面喷施潮霉素B溶液在转基因水稻育种和筛选潮霉素敏感转基因水稻突变体中的可能应用。     

γ射线诱发水稻长粒型突变体的研究

用 35 0Gyγ射线辐照Ⅱ 32B干种子 ,诱变后代筛选出长粒型突变体LGⅡB。经考察 ,LGⅡB除谷粒细长外 ,还降低垩白率 ,而其它主要农艺性状和稻米品质性状均与原Ⅱ 32B品种相似。LGⅡB的长粒突变性状为显性单基因控制。LGⅡB仍保留了Ⅱ 32B对印水型不育细胞质的保持能力和强配合力特点。用LGⅡB转育成新不育系 ,有望能改良原Ⅱ优系列杂交稻稻米的外观品质性状     

沿海拔梯度分布的柑橘园中土壤肥力因子与丛枝菌根共生体的关系

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) symbionts are able to greatly affect soil fertility. However, the relationships between AM symbiosis development levels and citrus mycorrhizosphere soil fertility remain weakly known in field. In our study, AM colonization, spore density, hyphal length density, and glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) content in citrus(Robertson naval orange grafted on Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchards along an altitudinal gradient were investigated seasonally in southern China. The results showed that AM colonization and abundances of spore and hyphae fluctuated significantly in different seasons and altitudes. The highest AM colonization(83.03%) was observed in orchards at 200 m above sea level in summer, spore density(16.8 spores g-1soil) in orchards at 400 m in autumn, and hyphal length density(2.36 m g-1soil) in orchards at 600 m orchards in summer; while the lowest values(43.60%, 2.7 spores g-1soil and 0.52 m g-1soil of AM colonization, spore density, and hyphal length density, respectively) were all observed in orchards at 800 m in winter. Correlation analyses demonstrated that the soil properties such as soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, and p H were significantly(P < 0.05) positively correlated with either citrus total AM colonization or the abundances of spore and hyphae. GRSP was significantly(P < 0.05) positively correlated with soil organic matter and p H.Redundancy analysis supported that soil environmental factors such as altitude, GRSP, soil organic matter, and alkali-hydrolyzable N severely(Monte Carlo permutation tests, P = 0.002) influenced AM colonization and abundances of spore and hyphae in citrus orchards. Our data demonstrated that soil environmental factors are vital in determining AM symbiosis development in citrus orchards.     

基于P-S-R 模型的贵州省土地资源生态安全评价

基于P-S-R模型构建土地生态安全评价指标体系,并结合熵权法和特尔斐法测算各指标权重,根据综合指数界定土地生态安全等级,对贵州省2005-2012年土地生态安全进行了评价.结果表明:2005-2011年,贵州省土地生态安全综合指数从0.7149上升到0.7970,安全等级为较安全;2011-2012年,土地生态安全综合指数从0.7970上升到0.8070,安全等级从较安全上升到理想安全.但是人地矛盾突出、自然灾害频繁、人均收入有待提高、财政收入整体水平仍较低、生活垃圾处理量较低、化肥使用量较高等仍是贵州省土地生态安全的较大隐患.     

光照强度对‘丽红’元宝枫秋季叶色变化的影响

以自育秋色叶品种‘丽红’元宝枫(Acer truncatum‘Lihong’)为材料,9月份对其进行100%、70%、50%和30%4种光照强度处理,研究不同光照强度对‘丽红’元宝枫叶片中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷、类黄酮、总酚和可溶性糖等色素含量及生理指标的影响;同时,变色期间实地观测不同光照强度处理叶色表型变化,分析光照强度与色素含量和叶片呈色之间的关系。结果表明,‘丽红’元宝枫叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量随着光照强度的增加呈下降趋势;花色素苷、类黄酮和可溶性糖含量随光照强度的增加而增加;总酚含量与光照强度相关性不明显;‘丽红’元宝枫叶片在100%光照强度下变为亮丽的血红色,明显优于其他不同遮光处理。综合评价认为,光照强度与‘丽红’元宝枫叶片花色素苷含量、可溶性糖含量和叶片变色质量呈正相关,与叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量呈负相关,以全光照条件下呈色最佳。     

南海重要珊瑚礁过渡性水域软骨鱼类的组成与分布

2004年5—7月和2005年3—4月采用深水三重刺网在南海的羚羊礁、华光礁、银砾滩、东岛、滨湄滩、排洪滩、本固暗沙、比微暗沙、武勇暗沙、海鸠暗沙、双子群礁、中业群礁、鲎藤礁、美济礁、仁爱礁、仙宾礁、南方浅滩、棕滩、大渊滩、永署礁、南薰礁、牛轭礁、道明群礁等23座重要珊瑚礁过渡性水域进行了2个航次专业调查，其中有21座岛礁共渔获到7目15科33种408尾软骨鱼类，而美济礁和南方浅滩没有渔获到软骨鱼类。根据调查资料，通过物种各分类阶元的分布、优势度（IRI）和单位努力量渔获量等几个方面分析南海重要珊瑚礁过渡性水域软骨鱼类的组成与分布，旨在为南海珊瑚礁渔业资源的开发和管理提供科学依据。结果表明，西沙群岛的重量单位努力量渔获量范围为73～499kg／10^4m^2，其优势种类是迈氏条尾虹、灰六鳃鲨和黑梢真鲨；中沙群岛的重量单位努力量渔获量范围为114～245kg／10^4m^2，其优势种类是迈氏条尾虹、灰三齿鲨；南沙群岛除了美济礁和南方浅滩外其重量单位努力量渔获量范围为51～846kg／10^4m^2，其优势种类是黑梢真鲨、灰三齿鲨。