荔枝花粉母细胞减数分裂观察

【目的】从细胞水平探明荔枝花粉母细胞减数分裂行为。【方法】通过改良涂片法对荔枝品种‘妃子笑’花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中染色体行为进行系统观察。【结果】花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中存在多核仁、单价体、落后染色体、分裂不同步、不均等分裂、多分体等异常情况,为观察细胞总数的8.5%。异常情况多集中于前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、前期Ⅱ和四分体时期,分别为各时期观察细胞总数的71.56%、33.33%、15.85%和31.25%,并对其形成的机制进行了讨论。【结论】分裂过程中发现的落后染色体、染色体片段、不同步以及不均等分裂等异常现象主要来源于终变期出现的较高频率的单价体,与细线期发现的多核仁现象没有直接关系,异常现象是导致多分体形成的主要原因,可导致花粉败育。异常行为的发生可能与品种、个体或气候因素有关。     

BP Neural Networks and Its Application in Lung Cancer Intelligent Diagnosis System

The learning algorithm of networks is discussed. The programming example of 3 layer BP networks is given with Visual C++6.0 program langue. Based on this model, a lung cancer intelligent diagnosis system is successfully implemented. Furthermore, the paper introduces network's structure design, preferencesand the source of stylebookdatum in factual applications. The ameliorative arithmetic is applied to the study of networks and BP dynamic evolving process is designed. The experiments indicatecell images are recognized and classified by the trained neural network. The study illustrates the system has feasibility and clinical value in lung cancer diagnosis.     

以水稻为主的种植系统对土壤有机质状况的影响

A long-term simulation experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice-based cropping system, green manure and ground-water level on soil organic matter. Soil organic matter content increased when upland soil was puddled and cropped under submerged conditions. Among all treatments, soil organic matter contents in the treatments of rice-rice-flooded fallow in winter (WF) were the highest, those in the treatments of rice-rice-astragalus (WG) came the second, and those in the treatments of rice-rice-rape (WR) were the lowest. At the same rate of green manure application, the degrees of organo-mineral complexing in soils of treatments WG and WR were higher than those of treatment WF. After 9-year rice cultivation, the state of combination of humus in heavy fraction varied with treatments. The relative content of loosely bonded humus decreased in the order of WR > WG > WF, and it correlated significantly with Se availability.     

宁南山区生态农业模型设置及结构调整探析

西北农牧交错带由于自然环境和人文环境的地域差异决定了其人地系统发展的不平衡性,只有依托区域产业结构调整与升级,才能充分发挥地区比较优势,最大限度地获取空间经济和环境的整体利益,从而促进地区经济持续、稳定、健康发展。宁南山区作为西北农牧交错带的典型区域之一,其经济、社会、环境、资源复合系统的持续发展完全取决于地区生态产业结构的合理性与先进性。因此,加快产业结构调整,积极发展生态农业,变传统的粗放型农业发展模式为集约型生态农业发展模式,是促进宁南山区生态环境良性循环和区域社会经济可持续发展的关键所在。     

利用标记不育系配制的高产杂交水稻新组合“丰华优2号”

“丰华优2号”系苗期携带白化转绿型叶色标记的细胞质雄性不育系白丰A与全生育期携带黄绿色叶色标记的优异恢复系NHR4配制而成,适宜在江西、浙江、安徽省作单季或连晚杂交水稻种植。     

水稻品种多样性持续控制稻瘟病研究

在对水稻品种进行抗病基因同源序列RGA(Resistance gene analogue)分析的基础上,应用品种多样性有利于病菌稳定化选择原理,选择抗性遗传背景差异大的品种,在吉安和石城进行混合间栽防治稻瘟病研究。不同年份不同生态环境下试验均表明,遗传背景差异大的水稻品种混合间栽,对稻瘟病有明显控制效果,特别是感病优质糯稻品种混合问栽后,稻瘟病发病率、病情指数均极显著下降,其防治效果达82．14％～95．91％。混合间栽对杂交稻稻瘟病也有一定控制效果,防治效果为40.82％～70．87％。与净栽相比,水稻产量增幅在6．03％～11．81％之间。     

基于电阻率断层扫描技术探测林地土层厚度

土层厚度对林地生产力具有重要影响,是评价林地土壤质量的重要指标。为了对林地土壤的土层厚度进行调查,该文应用电阻率断层扫描技术对林地土壤土层厚度进行了研究,对其可适用性做出评价。通过在野外试验点对土壤电阻率的实地断层扫描,将其结果与实际测定得到的基岩特征电阻率相结合,预测土层厚度,并将预测值和实地基坑开挖数据进行比较。结果表明,研究区土层厚度多在小于2 m的范围内,电阻率断层扫描技术估测结果与实测结果相符(均方根误差为0.2678),初步表明该技术在估算林地土层厚度方面具有良好的适用性。该研究结果为土壤学方面相关研究提供重要手段,也将对土壤质量评价和土地利用等相关工作提供指导。     

Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient Model of R.C. Elements under Multiple Factors

Based on the analysis of chloride ion-induced erosion mechanism of reinforced concrete and the Fick’s second law, a multi-factor model of the chloride ion erosion is established. In this model, the influences of water-cement ratio, humidity, time, temperature, and chloride ion binding capacity of concrete are taken into consideration, and the mathematic solution to the new model is provided by considering the boundary conditions. The new model is verified by analyzing the long-term exposed experiment data. Compared with the traditional model of Fick's second law, the model can indicate the development trend of the structure eroded by chloride and the chloride ion concentration in different depth, and at the same time, it can predicate the chlorine ion concentration on rebar surface in different corrosion periods and the initiation corrosion time of reinforcement.     

典型植烟区烤烟焦油与氢氰酸释放量差异分析

为了分析我国典型区域烤烟不同部位烤烟烟叶氢氰酸和焦油释放量的差异,采集了我国典型植烟区域的60个烤烟样品,运用数理统计方差分析的方法对区域、部位和基因型间的氢氰酸和焦油释放量进行了分析。结果表明,烤烟烟叶焦油和氢氰酸释放量在部位间存在显著差异,且表现为上部叶中部叶下部叶的部位特征;区域、基因型对氢氰酸释放量影响不显著,但是焦油释放量在区域间差异显著,其中以黄淮烟区焦油释放量最高,区域、部位和基因型三因素的相互作用对焦油和氢氰酸释放量的影响不显著。因此,工业企业在原料选择、叶组配方或库存优化等方面兼顾产地和品种因素,可着重考虑原料部位特征。     

镉胁迫对青菜幼苗某些生理特性以及基因组多态性的影响

以青菜品种"苏州青"为试材,采用生理生化方法和随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,研究了镉(Cd)胁迫对青菜幼苗相关生理特性以及基因组多态性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度(1、5、10、20、40 mg·L-1)的Cd处理20 d后,青菜幼苗的鲜重、根伸长受到显著抑制,叶片的叶绿素以及蛋白质含量下降,丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性增加。选用8条寡核苷酸引物(10 bp)对青菜幼苗基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增,对照组的RAPD图谱中可分辨出55条谱带,Cd胁迫后的RAPD图谱发生改变,呈现谱带的增加、缺失和荧光强度的改变,并且与Cd浓度剂量-效应相关。随着Cd浓度的增加,幼苗叶片基因组的模板稳定性逐步下降,并且RAPD多态性与青菜幼苗的生理指标具有显著的相关性。以上结果表明,利用RAPD技术获得的DNA多态性变化谱带可作为检测Cd对青菜毒性效应的生物标记物。