氮对低氧胁迫下樱桃根系抗氧化酶活性及线粒体功能的影响

 以‘吉塞拉5号’樱桃组培苗为试材, 研究短期低氧胁迫下氮对樱桃幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性 及线粒体功能的影响。通过溶氧调节仪人为控制营养液溶氧浓度为2 mg·L ^{- 1} , NO₃^- 浓度共设4个水平:0、7.5、15.0、22.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} , 以1 /2 Hoagland营养液正常低氧处理(NO₃^- 浓度7.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} ) 为对照。结果表明: 各处理SOD、POD、CAT酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。与对照相比, 营养液加氮处理的SOD、POD、CAT酶活性升高, 膜质过氧化程度减轻, 且氮浓度越大酶活性升高幅度越大, 而营养液缺氮处理的酶活性降低, 膜质过氧化程度加重; 营养液缺氮处理樱桃根系线粒体中的H₂O₂和MDA含量、O₂^-·生成速率升高, 而营养液加氮处理可降低O₂^-·的产生及MDA含量, 提高线粒体的氧化磷酸化水平, 保护樱桃根系线粒体膜的完整性, 对线粒体呼吸功能的破坏明显减轻, 且NO₃^- 离子浓度高时效果更好, 说明适当提高营养液中的氮素水平可以缓解低氧胁迫对樱桃根系的伤害。     

Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology,and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation

Red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) are particular to China. In order to determine the effects of fruit bagging treatments (including bag types, bag removal patterns and dates) on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of coloring of red Chinese sand pears, two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ were firstly covered by light-impermeable paper bags with different levels of light permeable liners during their early development stage, then, the whole bag were/not removed or only the outer layer of bags were removed 3, 2 or 1 weeks before harvest. Thus, the fruit were/not totally re-exposed or were under different levels of sunlight transmission (80.31% or 34.71%). Non-bagged fruit were used as the control. Bagging treatments significantly affected the concentration of anthocyanin and the visual qualities of pear fruit. Compared to control, fruit re-exposed totally for 2 or 3 weeks accumulated the largest amount of anthocyanin and fruit receiving 80.31% and 34.71% of sunlight for 1–3 weeks could synthesize a little anthocyanin, indicating that high light intensity is imperative for coloring in red Chinese sand pears. Bagging treatments did not affect contents of total soluble sugars, but decreased organic acids contents in fruit. In the second experiment, fruit of ‘Meirensu’ and ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ were covered with only one type of light-impermeable bag during the early development stage and totally re-exposed after the bag removal 15 days before harvest. Fruit were then collected at different intervals to trace the time-course of coloring, and related physiology and inner qualities. With increasing time after the bag removal, the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid and total phenols changed little, but the concentration of anthocyanin accumulated extremely fast within 10 days after the bag removal in both cultivars and thereafter kept constant. ‘Yunhongli No. 1’ had higher anthocyanin contents and lower hue angle than ‘Meirensu’, indicating a higher potential of anthocyanin synthesis. After the bag removal, the sucrose contents and PAL activities increased gradually and correlation analysis revealed that they were highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in two cultivars. This study suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in red Chinese sand pears is a highly light dependent process and modified by genotypes. Based on the current results, in order to obtain red Chinese sand pear fruit with attractive appearance and good inner qualities, fruit must be covered with light-impermeable bags at the early stage of fruit development and the bag should be removed totally at least 10 days before harvest.     

新疆野苹果群体遗传结构和遗传多样性的SRAP分析

 采用SRAP标记,对中国新疆野苹果4个种下居群的群体遗传结构和遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明：10对SRAP引物总共扩增了209条带,其中206条是多态性带（98.56%）。巩留群体、新源群体、霍城群体和裕民群体分别扩增了180、169、178和165条多态性带,巩留群体的随机交配杂合度（hs = 0.3037 ± 0.0058）最高,其次为霍城群体。UPGMA聚类分析和群体间遗传分化系数显示,巩留群体和新源群体之间,以及霍城群体和裕民群体之间,遗传关系最近,群体间遗传变异最低。新疆野苹果群体内遗传变异高于群体间,占总变异的87.9%,主坐标轴分析显示4个群体是相对独立,其中巩留群体和新源群体,霍城群体和裕民群体之间,有较高的基因交流。所有参数分析表明,巩留群体遗传多样性最丰富,故在制定新疆野苹果原地和异地种质保护计划时应优先考虑巩留群体。     

生物信息学以及植物新基因的发现研究

新基因的发现对植物生命科学的研究及发展起着不可估量的作用,可以增强植物抗逆性、提高作物产量、改善经济植物品质等.然而,在发现植物新基因的方法中,生物信息学始终扮演着重要的角色.     

茯苓多糖硫酸酯的制备与鉴定及其增强小鼠NK细胞活性

以氯磺酸为磺化试剂、吡啶为溶剂半合成制备茯苓多糖硫酸酯 (Pachyman sulfate, PS),对比分析磺化前后产物的特征光谱变化;以自然杀伤细胞-NK细胞体外杀伤小鼠淋巴瘤细胞Yac-1的杀伤率衡量NK细胞活性,考察PS增强NK细胞自然杀伤活性.结果表明,PS重均分子量为1.02×104 Da;紫外光谱分析表明PS在260 nm处可见明显吸收峰;红外光谱分析表明,PS新出现的在1 250 cm-1和810 cm-1处的吸收峰为硫酸酯化的特征峰;13C-NMR谱表明PS单糖残基上3个自由羟基均发生取代反应;PS显著提高NK细胞杀伤Yac-1细胞的活性(P<0.001),且试验范围内杀伤率随PS剂量的增加而提高.     

鱼类最佳体长频率分析组距研究

随着计算机技术的发展,近几年以鱼类体长频率为基础估算鱼类生物学特征值的体长频率分析法迅速被广泛应用,而确定体长分组组距是开展鱼类体长频率分析的必要步骤,但往往不被重视,常被随意采用为1mm、5mm或10mm等。为了尽量减少误差,本研究根据1997年12月至1998年12月在珠江口水域尖尾罟网和掺缯网周年月度渔业资源调查中康氏小公鱼（Stolephorus commersoni）和棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus）的生物学测定资料,分别以不同的体长分组组距重构体长频率组成数据,采用FAO推出基于ELEFAN技术的FiSATⅡ软件估算渐近体长L∞和生长系数K值,进一步估算鱼类资源开发参数（Z,M,F,E）,分析以不同体长分组组距为基础估算结果的差异。结果表明,以相差较大的不同分组组距重构体长频率组成数据来估算渐近体长L∞、生长系数K和资源开发参数均有明显的差异,建议以体长全距、体长标准差和样品数量等影响因素来共同确定某种鱼类的体长分组组距,从而提高估算结果的可信度,以达到定量分析鱼类生物学特征值的目的。     

微型水轮机系列化问题的研究

“微水电”的主要发电设备为微型水轮发电机组,其中水轮机的作用是将水流的能量转换为旋转机械能。随着微型水轮发电机组的发展,微型水轮机的系列化问题已成为一个首要而且重要的问题。由于“微水电”的特点,使得微型水轮机与中小型水轮机有较大的差异。因此微型水轮机全部套用中小型水轮机系列及标准是不合适的。从“微水电”及微型水轮发电机组的特点出发,分析研究了微型水轮机系列化的主要问题,并提出笔者的看法。     

癸甲溴铵对褐牙鲆的急性毒性及抑菌试验

通过药浴方式,进行了癸甲溴铵对褐牙鲆的急性毒性试验;采用二倍稀释法,进行了癸甲溴铵对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌的体外抑菌试验;探讨了癸甲溴铵对鳗弧菌引起的褐牙鲆细菌性疾病的防治效果。结果表明,在19.0～21.0℃和24.5～25.5℃时,癸甲溴铵对褐牙鲆的24、48h半数致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度(Sc)分别为6.35、4.84、0.84和2.43、2.14、0.5mg/L。通过对中毒死亡褐牙鲆的病理组织学观察表明,癸甲溴铵对褐牙鲆的鳃损害最严重,其次是肝脏,对肾脏的损害相对较轻,特别是对鳃的损害与鱼的死亡有很大的关系。在24和32℃,癸甲溴铵对鳗弧菌、副溶血弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为10、20和5、10mg/L。防治效果试验表明,癸甲溴铵0.3mg/L浓度药浴可有效防治鳗弧菌引起的褐牙鲆细菌性疾病。     

马尾松土贡种源纯林与混交林生长量和产脂力比较

对广西土贡马尾松(Pinus massoniana)种源人工成熟纯林和混交林于2007年和2008年进行连续2年采脂试验,结果表明:马尾松混交林胸径、树高、材积年均生长指标均高于马尾松纯林,且树高生长量差异显著;马尾松混交林松脂产量大于纯林,但差异不显著;马尾松混交林与纯林各年产脂力和矫正产脂力无显著差异;胸径和松脂产量关系最为紧密,其次为树高和树冠比,而与枝下高无显著相关性。     

优质籼型水稻光温敏核不育系168S的选育

168S是江苏神农大丰种业科技有限公司以培矮64S为不育基因供体,与盐稻4号杂交,经过6 a系谱选择育成的籼型水稻光温敏核不育系,表现株叶形态好,开花习性好,异交结实率高,不育起点温度较低(≤23.5℃),在江苏盐城有45 d以上的稳定不育期,米质优,抗性较好。168S及其配制的杂交中籼组合宁两优1号(168S/R185)均于2012年3月通过江苏省品种审定委员会品种审定。