陕南山区桑树绿枝扦插育苗新技术

系统总结了陕西蚕桑主产区桑树绿枝扦插育苗新技术,在试验示范的基础上具体提出了塑料大棚立体扦插育和育苗钵扦插育的技术要求,以及苗床管理和大田移栽的关键技术措施。     

蜂胶抗炎功效成分研究

为确定中国杨属型蜂胶的抗炎功效成分,用100ng/ml脂多糖(LPS)和40μg/ml氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)分别诱导脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤。通过SRB法分别检测蜂胶水提物中分离的11种组分和蜂胶乙酸乙酯提取物中分离的8段组分对2种炎症细胞模型细胞存活率的影响。结果表明:蜂胶水提物中的11种组分不同程度的促进2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率,乙酸乙酯提取物中的8段组分也是不同程度的提高2种炎症细胞的细胞存活率。由此可知,蜂胶的抗炎功效成分十分复杂,很可能是多种成分协同功效的结果,而且酚酸类物质发挥了一定的作用。     

植物乳杆菌α-半乳糖苷酶基因（melA）的克隆与序列分析

试验以L.plantarum1.557的基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR技术扩增α-半乳糖苷酶基因（melA）基因,PCR产物经纯化回收后克隆至pMD18-T载体中,转化E.coli DH5α感受态细胞,筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒进行SacⅠ和Sph Ⅰ酶切及PCR扩增鉴定,并对melA基因片段进行序列测定。结果表明,测得的melA基因序列全长2240 bp,含有酶切位点、启动子、SD序列及编码738个氨基酸的开放阅读框,理论分子质量为84 ku;4种核苷酸中GC含量为47.45%、AT含量为52.55%;序列中有3个碱基发生了变化,均为无义突变,未导致其推导的氨基酸的改变;序列测定结果与GenBank中登录的序列进行比较,核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性除与AY873840相比分别为96.6%和92.2%外,其余均大于99%。试验成功克隆了melA基因,为进一步构建重组表达载体奠定了基础。     

安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌抑菌机理的研究

为探讨安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌机理,本试验通过测定安吉白茶提取液与细菌作用前后培养液电导率和紫外吸收物的变化,以及菌体磷代谢和可溶糖的变化,初步阐明了安吉白茶对柱状黄杆菌的抑菌机理。研究结果显示,经安吉白茶提取液处理后,细菌培养液的电导率和可溶糖浓度均增大,菌悬液中的紫外吸收物也随作用时间的延长而增加,表明安吉白茶提取液可破坏细胞膜的结构、导致细胞通透性增加,进而使细胞内容物外泄。此外,经安吉白茶处理后的柱状黄杆菌对磷的消耗量降低,以致严重影响了核酸、磷脂等细胞重要成分的合成及能量代谢,导致细菌正常生理功能的丧失。结果表明,安吉白茶可通过破坏菌体细胞膜及干扰磷代谢等途径抑制柱状黄杆菌的生长。     

猪圆环病毒2型Rep蛋白ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速检测猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)抗体的方法,本研究通过基因合成PCV2的Rep编码序列,将其克隆至pET-28a(+)并在E.coli中表达,表达的重组Rep蛋白经Ni2+亲和纯化.采用纯化的目的蛋白作为包被抗原,建立检测PCV2 Rep蛋白抗体的间接ELISA方法.结果表明最佳抗原包被浓度为200 ng/孔,血清和二抗最佳反应时间分别为1h和30 min.该方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,与韩国金诺公司试剂盒的符合率为81.4％,表明建立的ELISA方法可以用于PCV2的流行病学检测.     

规模化猪场污水处理效果分析——以乐平市金园牧业有限责任公司猪场为例

为探究规模化猪场污水的处理效果,本试验以乐平市金园牧业有限责任公司猪场为试验对象,分别在猪场污水处理的不同阶段(固液分离池、沼气池和氧化池)的出水口处采集污水样,测定在不同处理阶段污水中污染物和金属元素的含量,与国家规定排放标准进行比较,分析处理效果,并提出改进措施。结果显示:污水经过固液分离、厌氧发酵、曝氧氧化等处理后,污染物中的SS、TP和BOD5达到了排放标准,但NH^+3-N和COD含量超标;金属元素中Cu、Mn、Zn和Cr^6+达到了排放标准,但Cd含量超标。以上结果可知,该猪场当前的污水处理体系虽然在一定程度上可行,但仍有部分指标未达到国家规定的排放标准,需从营养源头减量化排放、污水处理工艺设计减量化排放和沼液的后续处理等方面进行改进和优化。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫棒状体颈部蛋白2基因真核表达载体的构建及在293T细胞中表达

为构建柔嫩艾美耳球虫棒状体颈部蛋白2(Eimeria tenella rhoptry neck protein 2,EtRON2)基因的重组质粒pCAGGS-EtRON2,并转染293T细胞进行表达,以柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊cDNA为模板,经PCR扩增其核心编码区的一部分,将其克隆至pGEM-Teasy载体,构建pGEM-Teasy-EtRON2质粒,双酶切出目的片段后与相应酶切的真核表达载体pCAGGS连接,构建真核表达质粒pCAGGS-EtRON2。该重组质粒经酶切和测序鉴定后转染293T细胞进行表达,分别用免疫印迹和间接免疫荧光鉴定EtRON2基因的表达情况。所构建的真核表达质粒pCAGGS-EtRON2经过双酶切鉴定,可见一条大小约为1172 bp的目的条带,测序结果与GenBank所登录序列完全一致;免疫印迹实验可见大小约为43 kDa的目的蛋白条带,间接免疫荧光实验可以检测到特异性红色荧光。研究结果表明已成功构建了EtRON2的真核表达质粒pCAGGS-EtRON2,并在真核细胞中获得表达,为深入研究EtRON2的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Clinical presentation,treatment and possible causes of persistent endometrial cups illustrated by two cases

Persistent endometrial cups are relatively rare in the mare and the occurrence in 2 successive pregnancies, as described in this issue, is an intriguing finding. This article describes an additional 2 cases of endometrial cups persisting in excess of 12 months in mares that had experienced pregnancy loss. Both mares demonstrated irregular ovarian activity in the form of repeated formation of haemorrhagic anovulatory follicles. A definitive diagnosis was made by visualisation of cup tissue by hysteroscopy and demonstration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in the mares' serum. Biopsy of endometrial cups was made under visual direction and the mares were treated by chemical curettage with kerosene. The clinical presentation, treatment and possible causes of persistent endometrial cups are reviewed and discussed.     

畜禽DNA指纹的研究与应用

综述了ＤＮＡ指纹技术的原理，方法，以及在个体（品种）鉴别，亲缘关系分析，群体遗传变异分析，连锁分析等方面的研究进展。     

The origin,evolution, cultivation,dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices

Summary Available evidences drawn from biosystematics, evolutionary biology, biogeography, archaeology, history, anthropology, paleo-geology and paleo-meteorology are pooled to reconstruct the series of events that led to the cosmopolitan cultivation of the Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa) and the regionalized planting of the African cultigen (O. glaberrima) in West Africa. The genus Oryza originated in the Gondwanaland continents and, following the fracture of the supercontinent, became widely distributed in the humid tropics of Africa, South America, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. The two cultivated species have had a common progenitor in the distant past. Parallel and independent evolutionary processes occurred in Africa and in Asia, following the sequence of: wild perennialwild annualcultivated annual. The weed races also contributed to the differentiation of the cultivated annuals. The corresponding members of the above series are O. longistaminata Chev. et Roehr., O. barthii A. Chev., O. glaberrima Steud., and the stapfii forms of O. glaberrima in Africa; O. rufipogon Griff., O. nivara Sharma et Shastry, O. sativa L., and the spontanea forms of O. sativa in Asia.The differentiation and diversification of the annuals in South Asia were accelerated by marked climatic changes following the last glacial age, dispersal of plants over latitude or altitude, human selection, and manipulation of the cultural environment.Cultivation of rice began in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, probably first in Ancient India. Cultural techniques such as puddling and transplanting were first developed in north and central China and later transmitted to Southeast Asia. Wetland culture preceded dryland culture in China, but in hilly areas of Southeast Asia, dryland cultivation is older than lowland culture. The planting method progressed from shifting cultivation to direct sowing in permanent fields, then to transplanting in bunded fields.Widespread dispersal of the Asian cultigen led to the formation of three eco-geographic races (Indica. Sinica or Japonica, and Javanica) and distinct cultural types in monsoon Asia (upland, lowland, and deep water). Varietal types changed readily within the span of a millenium, largely due to cultivators' preferences, socio-religious traditions, and population pressure. Genetic differentiation developed parallel to the ecologic diversification process.The African cultigen developed later than the Asian cultigen and has undergone less diversification. The wild races in South America and Oceania retain their primitive features mainly due to lack of cultivation pressure or dispersal.Both the African and Asian rices are still undergoing evolutionary changes at habitats where the wild, weed, and cultivated races co-exist.