35种蜂花粉的活性物质分析

活性物质一般是指酶、维生素以及激素等,近年将磷脂也纳入活性物质。本文分析了３５种蜂花粉中的葡萄糖氧化酶、磷脂以及生长激素等,这些物质对人体均有重要的生理作用。研究结果,除证明花粉中含有葡萄糖氧化酶及磷脂外,还发现了花粉含有人体生长激素     

牛乳头瘤病毒的研究进展

牛乳头状瘤(bovine papillomatosis,BP)是由牛乳头瘤病毒(bovine papillomavirus,BPV)引起的一种传染性肿瘤病.该病易复发进而癌变,给养殖业等造成严重经济损失.作者主要对BPV的基因型、基因结构及其功能和致病机制方面的研究进展作一综述,为深入研究BPV致癌潜能及抗病毒疫苗的开发提供参考.     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

鸡lncRNA-MSTRG.15568.9及其预测靶基因的表达

试验旨在了解在鸡睾丸中高表达的1个长链非编码RNA （long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）及其预测靶基因的时空表达规律,研究二者在鸡弱精子症中的调控作用。根据弱精子症和正常北京油鸡公鸡睾丸转录组测序筛选到的1个高表达的lncRNA （MSTRG.15568.9）,采用顺式（cis）作用模式预测其潜在靶基因SPAG4（sperm-associated antigen 4）,进一步采用实时荧光定量PCR方法进行表达量分析。分别选择3只0、5、20、30、45、60周龄正常北京油鸡公鸡,检测MSTRG.15568.9与SPAG4基因在不同周龄公鸡睾丸中的表达量差异;选择30周龄3只正常公鸡,采集睾丸、肝脏和脾脏等8个部位组织样品,检测MSTRG.15568.9与SPAG4基因在不同组织间的表达规律;选择45周龄弱精子症公鸡和正常公鸡各3只,对比MSTRG.15568.9与SPAG4基因在睾丸的表达量差异。结果显示,MSTRG.15568.9与SPAG4存在明显的时空表达差异,且二者表达趋势基本一致。在不同周龄的鸡睾丸组织中,MSTRG.15568.9和SPAG4的表达趋势相近,MSTRG.15568.9在20周龄的表达量显著高于0、5、30、45、60周龄（P<0.05）,0和5周龄表达量显著低于20、30、45和60周龄（P<0.05）;SPAG4在45周龄表达量最高,其次是20周龄（P<0.05）。MSTRG.15568.9和SPAG4在睾丸和肝脏中的表达量均显著高于脾脏、肾脏等组织（P<0.05）;在正常睾丸组织中的表达量均显著高于弱精子症睾丸组织（P<0.05）。综上所述,MSTRG.15568.9与SPAG4基因具有较明显的组织表达特异性,且MSTRG.15568.9可能调控SPAG4基因的表达,参与精子发生与精子活力调控;但其具体作用机制需要进一步探索。本研究可为鉴定与鸡弱精子症调节机制相关的功能基因提供参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

鹿源狂犬病野毒8202株基因型的研究

为了从基因水平确定鹿源狂犬病野毒8202株与其它狂犬病病毒的进化关系,应用RT-半嵌套式PCR技术,利用3条引物对病毒的核蛋白基因进行扩增、克隆及序列测定,并与已发表的狂犬病病毒株3aG、PV、CVS、HEP-Flury、RC-HL、Nishigahara、SADB19的核蛋白基因进行了比较分析。结果表明,8202株与其它7个病毒株均来源于同一个进化枝,属于基因Ⅰ型。     

白头翁根不同提取物体外抑菌试验研究

白头翁为毛莨科多年生白头翁属植物白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel 的根茎.始载于<神农本草经>,列为下品,是常用中药,具有清热解毒、凉血止痢、燥湿杀虫的功效.传统主要用于治疗细菌性痢疾、阿米巴痢疾等.现代研究认为白头翁除了抗菌和抗病原作用外,还具有提高机体免疫力、抑制巨噬细胞分泌IL-6、抗癌、抗炎、抗毒、止泻、镇静、镇痛、杀灭滴虫和球虫、抑制肠运动、抗内毒素血症等作用[1].     

东祁连山高寒草甸优势植物光响应特征

为研究高寒地区草地优势植物旺盛生长期光合特征,选取位于祁连山东段天祝藏族自治县抓喜秀龙乡的甘肃农业大学高山草原试验站围栏禁牧草地的矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)、扁蓿豆(Melissitus rutenica)、黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala)、二裂委陵菜(Potentilla bifurca)和麻花艽(Gentiana straminea)7种优势植物,利用GFS-3000便携式光合测定仪拟合了7-9月的光合-光响应曲线.结果显示:由于8月份的干旱,草地植物的光合能力受到严     

黄河源区“黑土滩”混播草地牧草植物量及营养动态初探

黄河源区的极度退化草地——"黑土滩",改建成人工草地是一种恢复退化草地的重要途径,同时可以收获大量饲草。对"黑土滩"混播草地(垂穗披碱草Elymus nutans+中华羊茅Festuca sinensis+碱茅Puc-cinellia distans+冷地早熟禾Poa crymophila+赖草Leymus secalinus)的生产力和营养价值动态进行了研究,分析了放牧对草地生产力的影响。结果表明,从生长高峰期8月到翌年4月,草地生产力自然损失量为144.3 g/m2,损失率为34.9%。这期间放牧利用导致牧草被采食187.2 g/m2。传统的放牧利用,使该类人工草地利用率为45.2%。冷季草地牧草营养价值全都下降,粗蛋白含量降低了69.86%,粗脂肪降低了65.85%。该"黑土滩"混播草地在夏季属碳氮营养型(CN),冬季属碳营养型(C)。因此建议,"黑土滩"混播草地在夏季生长高峰期适度进行人工割草,冬季进行适度放牧利用。     

蚕蛹油微胶囊的制备

为了改善蚕蛹油的加工性能和延长其保质期,以大豆蛋白和β-环状糊精为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备蚕蛹油微胶囊。依据蚕蛹油微胶囊乳状液的稳定性检测指标,确定壁材大豆蛋白和β-环状糊精的质量比为1∶1。通过正交试验确定制备蚕蛹油微胶囊的最佳工艺条件为:芯材(蚕蛹油)与壁材的质量比为1∶2,乳状液中固形物的质量分数为20%,均质压力25MPa,喷雾干燥的进风温度190℃。在此工艺条件下制备蚕蛹油微胶囊的包埋率为91.2%。