薄壳山核桃品种波尼的引种表现与栽培技术

2013年引进薄壳山核桃品种波尼在山东省济宁市汶上试栽,经多年观察表明,该品种为早熟品种,平均单果重10. 25g;早实丰产,抗旱耐涝,适应性强,果实生长期145～165天,成熟期9月底～10月初。栽培时用科尔比、威奇塔、金华等做授粉树。     

果蝇毛锤角细蜂对黑腹果蝇蛹不同龄期的选择性

黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen是浆果类水果的果实害虫之一,对葡萄果实为害严重。毛锤角细蜂Trichopria drosophilae是黑腹果蝇的蛹寄生蜂之一。本文在温度26℃、相对湿度50%、光周期14L:10D的室内条件下,研究了毛锤角细蜂对不同日龄黑腹果蝇蛹的选择性。结果表明:毛锤角细蜂可寄生黑腹果蝇各日龄的蛹,但偏爱寄生预蛹。在寄主预蛹时,毛锤角细蜂的出蜂量、寄生率和选择系数分别为14.00头、35%和0.13,均显著高于1~3日龄蛹;不同日龄的黑腹果蝇蛹对毛锤角细蜂后代发育历期和雌蜂比没有显著影响。综上所述,黑腹果蝇的预蛹是毛锤角细蜂寄生的最佳时期。以黑腹果蝇为寄主时,研究毛锤角细蜂的寄生规律对于黑腹果蝇及其他果蝇的生物防治具有重要的指导意义。     

采用胚挽救获得Ogura CMS甘蓝与甘蓝型油菜的种间杂种

为将甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系(Ogura CMS)的恢复基因转至甘蓝Ogura CMS材料上,以6份甘蓝Ogura CMS材料为母本,以含恢复基因的甘蓝型油菜为父本,人工杂交结合胚挽救培养,研究取材时期、培养基成分和杂交组合对胚珠成苗的影响,同时对胚挽救培养获得的植株是否为真实F1杂种进行鉴定。结果发现,胚珠培养以剥蕾授粉后16d取材时胚珠成苗数最多,成苗率为4.56%;培养基以MS+GA 0.1 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1+0.5%水解酪蛋白(CH)+0.5%活性炭(AC)成苗效果最好,成苗率高达6.24%;M09CMS×RFO-46组合成苗数最多,成苗率为5.96%。67株胚挽救培养得到的植株经流式细胞仪、SSR分子标记和形态学鉴定,得出65株为真杂种,真杂种率高达97%。     

葡萄叶片衰老过程中不同光质对其光合和叶绿体超微结构的影响

以栽植于日光温室中适宜延迟栽培的‘贝达’砧‘意大利’葡萄为试材,自2013年8月1日始至落叶(2014年1月31日)止每天分别进行红光和蓝光不同光质延长光照至24:00补光处理,以不补光作为对照,研究不同光质补光处理对葡萄叶片衰老过程中叶片的外观形态特征、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、F_v/F_m、可溶性蛋白质含量和叶绿体超微结构的影响,为叶片抗衰老技术的研发提供理论依据。研究结果表明:补充红光显著提高了叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、F_v/F_m值和可溶性蛋白质含量,叶绿体基粒片层排列整齐有序,明显减缓了叶绿体超微结构的解体,显著延缓叶片衰老;补充蓝光处理前期显著降低了叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、F_v/F_m值和可溶性蛋白质含量,破坏了叶绿体的超微结构,加速了植株的衰老进程;但在叶片衰老后期,叶绿素含量、净光合速率、F_v/F_m值和可溶性蛋白质含量逐渐高于对照,并且叶绿体的基粒片层比对照排列整齐有序,在一定程度上延缓了叶片衰老。补充蓝光处理的叶片可溶性蛋白质含量一直显著高于补充红光和对照。综上,补充红光处理有效延缓了叶片衰老进程,延长了叶片的生理功能期。     

Protective effect of Huangqi injection combined with puerarin injection on myocardium of type 2 diabetes mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of Huangqi injection combined with puerarin injection on the myocardium of the mice with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Diabetic KKAy mice were randomly divided into model group and treatment group (Huangqi injection combined with puerarin injection). The male KKAy mice of the same age were used as control group. All mice were sacrificed at 21, 24 and 28 weeks. Morphological changes of the myocardium were observed by HE staining. Apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes was measured by TUNEL staining. The mRNA levels of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78), C/EBP hoinologous protein (CHOP) and p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) were detected by real-time PCR, and the protein levels of GRP78, CHOP, PUMA, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved PARP were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, partly dissolved sarcoplasm and necrosis were observed in model group, and these lesion were alleviated in treatment group. Obvious increased apoptosis in model group and significantly decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in treatment group was observed (P<0.05). At 21, 24 and 28 weeks, the mRNA and protein levels of GRP78, CHOP and PUMA and the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP in model group were increased significantly as compared with control group (P<0.01), and these in treated group were decreased compared with model group. CONCLUSION:Huangqi injection combined with puerarin injection has cardioprotective effects on type 2 diabetes mice and its mechanism of the action was implemented via inhibiting the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase pathway, thus resulting in suppressed apoptosis.     

Role of ghrelin in cell protection by up-regulating HSP70 through ERK1/2 signaling pathway in PC12 cells

AIM:To study the role of ghrelin in cell protection by up-regulating heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and inhibiting apoptosis induced by oxidative stress through extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway in the PC12 cells. METHODS:Sodium nitoprusside (SNP) was used to induce oxidative stress injury in the PC12 cells. The cultured PC12 cells were divided into SNP-injured group (incubated with SNP at 0.5 mmol/L for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h), ghrelin pretreatment group (ghrelin at 100 nmol/L was given 30 min before adding SNP); HSP70 inhibitor group (quercetin at 10 μmol/L was added 60 min before ghrelin treatment), ERK inhibitor group (ERK 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 was added 60 min before ghrelin treatment) and control group (added same amount of culture medium only). The apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression was determined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS:Compared with control group, the apoptotic rate of PC12 cells in SNP-injured group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with SNP-injured group, ghrelin (100 nmol/L) pretreatment significantly inhibited SNP-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells (P<0.05), and significantly up-regulated the protein expression of HSP70 (P<0.05). Time-effect analysis showed that ghrelin had the most significant effect at 18 h after SNP injury. Quercetin, an inhibitor of HSP 70, significantly reduced the anti-apoptotic effect of ghrelin (P<0.05). Ghrelin pretreatment promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly inhibited the effects of ghrelin on up-regulation of HSP70 expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Ghrelin upregulates the expression of HSP70 and inhibits the apoptosis in the PC12 cells induced by oxidative stress by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.     

Notch1 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in renal tissues of diabetic mice by inhibiting autophagy through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

AIM: To observe the changes of Notch1 expression and autophagy in the renal tissues of diabetic mice, and to explore the regulatory effect of Notch1 on tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting autophagy in diabetic nephro-pathy. METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into normal control group (db/m mice) and diabetes group (db/db mice), with 8 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of feeding, the mice were sacrificed and the corresponding biochemical indexes were measured. The protein expression of Notch1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of Notch1, PTEN, p-Akt (Thr308), Akt, p-mTOR (Ser2448), mTOR, LC3, P62, collagen type Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and collagen type Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the db/m mice, the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, triglyceride and total cholesterol were increased in the db/db mice (P<0.01). Renal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration, renal tubular expansion and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in db/db mouse renal tissues with HE staining were observed. The images of Masson staining showed collagenous fiber-like substance deposition in the glomerular capillaries and renal interstitium, and disarrangement of tubular structure in the renal tissues of db/db mice. The protein expression levels of PTEN and LC3-Ⅱ were decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the protein levels of Notch1, P62, p-mTOR (Ser2448), p-Akt (Thr308), Col-I and Col-III were increased in the db/db mice as compared with the db/m mice (P<0.01). However, no significant change of total mTOR and Akt proteins between the 2 groups was found. CONCLUSION: Notch1 protein expression was increased, PTEN expression was significantly reduced, Akt/mTOR pathway was activated, autophagy was inhibited, and fibrosis was aggravated in the renal tissues of the diabetic mice.     

剑麻种质资源表型多样性分析与倍性鉴定

利用常规方法结合流式细胞仪对25份剑麻种质资源叶色、叶缘刺有无、叶缘刺类型、叶顶刺类型、叶长、叶宽、叶长/宽比、叶基厚度、顶刺长、顶刺基部宽等10个农艺性状以及倍性进行了分析和鉴定,结果表明:同一种质资源内叶长、叶宽、叶长/宽比、叶基厚度、顶刺基部宽和顶刺长等变异系数分别在0.9%~13.33%、1.69%~9.13%、1.77%~7.61%、3.99%~11.62%、7.82%~14.31%、9.08%~14.84%之间,不同种质资源间变异系数分别为21.60%、13.95%、15.9%、21.48%、36.59%和30.77%。同一种质资源内叶长、叶宽、叶长/宽比、叶基厚度、顶刺基部宽和顶刺长差异不明显,不同种质资源间存在极显著差异(α=0.05)。基于10个表型性状将25份剑麻种质资源聚为3类,第一类主要包括番麻、广西76416、南亚1号、东368、蓝剑麻、普通剑麻、粤西75等7份种质;第二类主要包括桂辐4号、H.11648、东74、东27、东26和东16等6份种质;第三类主要包括东18、东2、肯3等12份种质。多变量的主成分分析显示4个主成分的特征值总和为5.84,累计贡献率达97.29%。流式细胞仪分析表明,25份剑麻种质资源中,H.11648、东2等14份种质为二倍体,东16和广西76416两份种质为三倍体,粤西75、粤西114等5份种质为四倍体,肯3和普通剑麻2份种质为五倍体,东74为六倍体,番麻为五倍体和六倍体的混倍体。以上结果为剑麻种质资源的鉴定评价提供理论依据。     

微波处理对芒果原浆杀菌效果和品质的影响研究

为了探讨微波杀菌对芒果原浆品质的影响,研究不同微波功率、处理时间、样品初始温度对芒果原浆菌落总数及维生素C含量、褐变度(BD)和色泽等品质指标的影响,采用正交试验优化微波杀菌工艺条件,并与巴氏杀菌工艺进行比较,分析杀菌前后芒果原浆菌落总数及感官品质的变化。结果表明,微波处理具有非常好的杀菌效果,且能抑制芒果原浆的褐变度、保护芒果原浆的营养成分和色泽。芒果原浆微波杀菌工艺最佳参数为:微波功率550 W,处理时间60 s,样品初始温度35℃,此工艺下菌落总数为50 CFU/m L,杀菌率达99.9%。与巴氏杀菌处理相比,采用微波杀菌不仅能达到更好的杀菌效果,而且原有品质保持良好。该杀菌工艺的研究为芒果原浆的贮存提供了理论依据。     

漳平水仙茶饼多酚的纯化及其体外活性研究

为了研究大孔树脂对水仙茶饼多酚的纯化效果,试验以水仙茶饼多酚粗提液为原料,比较了9种不同型号大孔树脂对水仙茶饼粗多酚的静态吸附和解吸性能,再以吸附率和解吸率为指标通过静态、动态吸附解吸试验。考察了各因素对LX-28树脂纯化水仙饼茶粗多酚的影响,最后探讨了纯化前后的水仙茶饼多酚的体外抗氧化和抑菌效果。结果表明:最佳纯化树脂LX-28,最佳吸附和解吸条件为1.5 mg/mL的质量浓度的水仙茶饼多酚粗提取液(pH4.0~5.0)以2.0 mL/min的流速上样95 mL,吸附平衡后去离子水冲洗至无色,再用70 mL,65%体积分数乙醇溶液(pH6.0)为洗脱剂,以3.0 mL/min流速洗脱,在此纯化条件下LX-28树脂对水仙茶饼多酚的吸附率和解吸率分别为(93.587±0.379)%和(95.330±1.282)%,树脂可重复使用4次,纯度提高了约3.04倍;对DPPH·和ABTS+·自由基清除率的IC50值分别从纯化前的1.279、3.682 mg/mL降低到0.295、1.525 mg/mL;对供试的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、米根霉和紫红曲霉均有不同程度的抑制作用,纯化后的水仙茶饼多酚的抑菌效果优于纯化前。