The aims of this follow-up study were: (a) to evaluate the role of ECT technology as a risk factor for several diseases; and (b) to determine if the effects of these diseases on cows' reproductive performance and as risk factors for culling are influenced by exposure to ECTs. Diseases considered were retained placenta, metritis, ketosis, cystic ovaries, silent heat, milk fever, clinical mastitis, and foot and leg problems. We used historical and contemporary controls (with control herds selected to match the experimental herds for size and location). Data consisted of 10264 Swedish Red and White (SRB) and 5461 Swedish Friesian (SLB) lactation records in 150 herds of which 33 used cow-trainers. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of parity and exposure to electric cow-trainers on the risks of diseases and the effects of diseases and exposure to electric cow-trainers on risk of culling. The least-squares procedure was used to estimate the effects of diseases on reproductive performance.
The dominant effects associated with use of electric cow-trainers were an increased risk for silent heat, clinical mastitis, ketosis and culling relative to cows in herds not using cow-trainers. Diseases had negative effects on reproductive performance and the effects were larger for cows in herds using cow-trainers. In herds using electric cow-trainers, the largest increase in the interval from first service to conception (58 days) was caused by the occurrences of silent heat, cystic ovaries and the combination of two or more diseases. Retained placenta, metritis, cystic ovaries, clinical mastitis and a combination of two or more diseases increased the risk of culling about two times relative to healthy primiparous cows with the increase being greater for cows in herds using cow-trainers. Silent heat did not increase risk of culling in control groups, but was the largest risk factor for culling in the exposed group. We concluded that exposure to electric cow-trainers increased the incidence risk of silent heat, clinical mastitis, and ketosis and changed silent heat from a neutral disease with respect to culling to a major risk factor. Finally, exposure to cow-trainers increased the general negative effect of diseases on the cows' reproductive performance and risk for culling. 相似文献
为确定猪捷申病毒(Porcine Teschovirus,PTV)Swine/CH/IMH/03株免疫原性,本研究将该PTV分离株灭活后分别与氢氧化铝佐剂和Montanide ISA 50V2佐剂混合,制成油佐剂疫苗,并采用不同免疫程序接种实验猪后对病毒抗体进行检测。抗体检测结果表明:PTV Swine/CH/IMH/03分离株能够诱导实验动物产生较高抗体水平,并显著高于对照组;与氢氧化铝佐剂混合制成的佐剂疫苗免疫效果优于Montanide ISA 50V2佐剂;而且一次免疫组与二次免疫组没有明显差异。通过PTV Swine/CH/IMH/03株免疫原性的研究,为后续猪捷申病的预防工作提供技术支持。 相似文献