一株马铃薯干腐病生防菌的鉴定及其抑菌活性研究

镰孢菌引起的马铃薯干腐病是影响马铃薯贮存期间产量与品质的重要病害之一。寻找高效低毒的防治马铃薯干腐病的生防药剂对提高马铃薯的产量与质量具有重要意义。本研究以腐皮镰孢Fusarium solani为病原菌, 测定分离自马铃薯块茎的菌株2-1-9-CJK-2的抑菌活性。该菌株发酵液、无菌发酵液、菌悬液、胞内组分以及挥发性有机物对腐皮镰孢均具有抑菌活性, 抑制率分别为93.37%、61.92%、80.82%、44.01%和49.16%。结合形态学、生理生化特征和多基因系统发育树构建鉴定其为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。马铃薯切片试验和马铃薯块茎试验表明, 当菌株发酵液浓度为1×109 cfu/mL时, 对病原菌的抑制效果最好。除此之外, 菌株可以分泌蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶, 具有溶磷能力和生物膜形成能力, 但不具有溶血性, 并且对供试的其他6种病原真菌有较强的抑菌活性。研究表明贝莱斯芽胞杆菌2-1-9-CJK-2抑菌谱广, 具有生物安全性, 对腐皮镰孢有较强的抑菌活性, 在植物病害防治中具有一定的应用潜力, 可为马铃薯干腐病生防制剂的开发奠定基础。     

龙眼中E进化支多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）基因DlPG1的表达模式与幼果脱落间关系的初步研究

从龙眼中分离获得一个多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）基因,命名为DlPG1。DlPG1基因与多种物种PG基因氨基酸序列有较高的同源性,其中与同属于无患子科的荔枝同源性最高为95%且与荔枝的亲缘关系最近。DlPG1基因包含PG基因特有4个保守区中的3个,DlPG1属于E进化支PG基因家族成员。环剥摘叶处理可以显著促进龙眼幼果脱落,累积落果率在对照中为6.12%,在处理中为89.85%,相对落果率高峰出现在第5 d（处理是对照的188倍）。离区DlPG1基因表达量在处理中始终高于对照,且表达量高峰出现在第4 d（处理是对照的17倍）。基因表达量的高峰早于相对落果率高峰出现,据此推测DlPG1基因可能是调控龙眼幼果脱落的关键基因。到目前为止,DlPG1基因是首例在龙眼中发现的属于E进化支的可能与器官脱落相关的PG基因。     

外源茉莉酸甲酯缓解盐对水稻种子萌发的抑制作用

在100 mmol/L NaC l胁迫下,经蒸馏水吸胀处理的LHN(耐盐)和IR26(盐敏感)水稻种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数均较对照下降,LHN分别下降12.2%、12.5%和3.12,IR26分别下降46.6%、33.6%和9.42,IR26下降的幅度大于LHN.吸胀后,不同质量浓度(2、1、5×10-2、5×10-4和5×10-6mg/L)的外源茉莉酸甲酯(M e-Ja)对LHN和IR26在盐胁迫下发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数影响不同.以相对盐害率判断,质量浓度为2和5×10-6mg/L的Me-Ja对LHN在盐胁迫下萌发的促进作用不显著,质量浓度为5×10-2和5×10-4mg/L的M e-Ja表现为促进作用,质量浓度为5×10-2mg/L的M e-Ja促进作用最大;而对于IR26在盐胁迫下的萌发,5种质量浓度的M e-Ja的都具有显著的促进作用,且质量浓度为5×10-4mg/L的促进作用最大.     

不同剂量达虫净对山羊自然感染线虫的驱虫效果试验

按体重5mg/kg、10mg/kg、15mg/kg不同剂量的达虫净对自然感染线虫的山羊进行拌料饲喂驱虫,同时用0.2mg/kg阿维菌素一次皮下注射作药效对照,并设空白对照组。分别于用药前及用药后第7天取粪便进行虫卵计数。用药后第2天起每天检查由粪便中驱出的虫体数至查不出为止。结果表明:各剂量组药物对肺线虫虫卵减少率分别为100%,100%,100%,83.3%,虫卵转阴率分别为100%,100%,100%,66.7%;对捻转血矛线虫等其他线虫虫卵减少率分别为88.9%,100%,100%,100%,虫卵转阴率分别为66.7%,100%,100%,100%。用药后第2天病羊开始排虫,第3天为排虫高峰,第4天排虫减少,第5天仅见有少量虫体,第6天以后未再见虫体排出。     

饲料投喂及清淤对养殖库湾水环境的影响

为探究缩减饲料投喂量及清淤对养殖库湾水环境的影响,在鲢、鳙放养密度均为20 g/m~3的基础上,设置4个处理组库湾,分别为B1(不清淤、饵料投喂减半)、B2(清淤、不投饵)、B3(清淤、饵料投喂减半)和B4(不清淤、饵料投喂正常),实验周期为9个月。结果显示:4个库湾的总氮浓度、总磷浓度、高锰酸盐指数、藻类生物量从低到高分别为B2、B4、B1、B3,B2、B1、B4、B3,B2、B1、B4、B3,B2、B1、B3、B4(P0.05),浮游动物生物量之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。由此可见,B2无论是在营养盐的控制还是在藻类的控制方面均取得了最佳的效果。作为养殖库湾,其主要功能是得到更高的鱼产量。在达到养殖水质要求的情况下,为了得到更高的鱼产量,应合理地利用饵料。因此,对于养殖用水的处理,要根据具体的水质条件,采用合理的修复方式,实现水质改善和养殖生产的双赢。     

葡萄新品种妮娜女皇的引种表现和优质栽培技术

2014年引入妮娜女皇葡萄一年生苗木在淮安市园艺技术服务站果树示范基地试栽,经过5年试验观察,表现优良,经赤霉素和氯吡苯脲处理后,平均穗重680g,平均单果重17g,可溶性固形物含量平均18%,最高可达21%,甘甜可口,苗木栽植第4年每666.7m^2产量1000~1250kg。适应性强,丰产性良好,可推广。总结了妮娜女皇葡萄的优质栽培技术。     

Sulodexide protects against hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular injury via suppressing NOX4/NLRP3 pathway

AIM To investigate the effect of sulodexide (SDX) on high glucose-induced damage in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS (1) High-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) followed by injection of saline or SDX in C57BL/6J male mice. Retinal microvascular leakage and density, and the protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were measured. (2) Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were treated with normal glucose or high glucose with or without SDX, and were further transfected with siRNA to knock down NOX4, or infected by adenovirus to over-express NOX4. The protein levels of ZO-1, VE-cadherin (VE-Cad), NOX4 and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins as well as the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. RESULTS Treatment with SDX increased the protein level of ZO-1, attenuated retinal leakage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and enhanced the density of microvasculature and the number of ganglion cells in diabetic retinas. The protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad were decreased, while the levels of NOX4, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation were increased in high glucose-treated HRMECs. Silencing of NOX4 inhibited high glucose-induced increases in NLRP3 inflammasome and ROS generation, and decreases in the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Over-expression of NOX4 significantly increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and ROS generation in HRMECs, and reduced the protein levels of ZO-1 and VE-Cad. Treatment with SDX partly reversed NOX4 over-expression-induced changes. CONCLUSION SDX alleviates hyperglycemia-induced retinal microvascular endothelial injury via inhibiting NOX4/ROS/NLRP3 pathways.     

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trimethylamine N-oxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-mediated oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The cells were stained by DCFH-DA, and the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and detected by flow cytometric analysis. The protein levels of phospho-IRE-1α, IRE-1α and GRP78/BiP were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: TMAO exerted no significant effect on the viability of HUVECs. For a long period (>24 h), even a low concentration (10 μmol/L) of TMAO increased the oxidative stress level in the HUVECs (P<0.05). TMAO increased the phosphorylation level of IRE-1α and significantly up-regulated the protein level of GRP78/BiP in HUVECs (P<0.01). Pretreatment with STF-083010, an inhibitor of IRE1α, for 1 h reduced TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.     

玉米秸秆基高吸水性树脂的试验研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以过硫酸钾,亚硝酸钠为引发剂,N’N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,研究了丙烯酸与秸秆质量比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量以及反应温度对玉米秸秆基高吸水性树脂性能的影响,并利用正交试验方法对制备工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,各因素影响高吸水性树脂性能的次序为反应温度丙烯酸与秸秆的质量比引发剂与总质量的比值;高吸水性树脂的最佳制备条件为:丙烯酸与玉米秸秆质量比为7,丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺质量比为5,交联剂占总质量的1%,引发剂占总质量的1.5%,反应时间为30 min,反应温度为65℃。经过正交试验优化后高吸水性树脂最高保水率可达235 g·g~(-1),7 d后保水率为82 g·g~(-1),说明树脂具有良好的保水性能;树脂重复利用5次时吸水率仍然可达176 g·g~(-1),说明该吸水性树脂具有较好的重复利用性能。