美国优质抗病制汁葡萄品种引种及加工性能研究试验初报

摘要：为丰富我国的葡萄制汁品种,本研究以在陕西杨凌种植的从美国引进的五种优质抗病制汁葡萄品种为研究对象,采用田间调查、果实品质测定,抗病性鉴定,加工性能分析等方法对康可(Concord)、康拜尔(Campbell）、玫瑰露(Delaware）、卡托巴(Catawba)、黄金玫瑰(Golden Muscat)等五个引进制汁葡萄品种的引种表现及加工性能进行了一年的研究。结果表明：引进的制汁葡萄品种都表现出很强的抗病性, 康可,康拜尔和黄金玫瑰的果实及果汁品质优良,具有较好的加工性能,其中黄金玫瑰的产量较高,初次结果平均单株产量为4.5kg;康拜尔的粗出汁率较高,达70%;康可的Vc含量、糖酸比、总酚含量均较高。     

青贮玉米秸秆中性洗涤纤维与蔗糖合成酶活性之间的关系

摘要：以十个秸秆中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量差异明显的青贮玉米杂交组合为材料,研究了生育时期青贮玉米蔗糖合成酶活性与秸秆NDF含量之间的关系。为改善青贮玉米NDF含量,育成低纤维高品质青贮玉米品种提供理论依据。结果表明,不同青贮玉米组合的秸秆NDF含量与蔗糖合成酶活性有关,且秸秆NDF含量与蔗糖合成酶活性成负相关。验证了蔗糖合成酶作为纤维素合成的关键酶,通过将蔗糖分解为UDPG,为纤维素合成提供直接底物的规律。     

Establishment of an acute renal failure animal model by renal transitory ischemia

AIM: To establish an animal model of acute renal failure (ARF) according to the clinical manifestations by reducing renal blood flow.METHODS: Renal ischemia in rabbits was induced by the ligation of bilateral renal arteries incompletely for 20 min and then the ligation was released. Before and after incomplete ligation of bilateral renal arteries, and after resuming renal blood flow, the urine volume, serum creatinine, electrolytes and blood gas analysis in the experimental animals were determined. One kidney of each rabbit was harvested at different stages for pathological examination.RESULTS: After reducing renal blood flow, the urine volume of the rabbit decreased (P<0.05) and the serum levels of creatinine increased significantly (P<0.01). At the same time, the level of serum K⁺ appeared an elevated trend. pH and HCO^-₃ in the arterial blood decreased, and the negative value of BE increased markedly, indicating that metabolic acidosis developed. After resuming the kidney perfusion, the urine volume of the rabbits increased to normal, the level of serum creatinine also decreased to normal as the renal reflow recovery for 1 h, but metabolic acidosis remained continuously. The level of serum K⁺ decreased for a while and elevated again. No obvious pathological changes of the kidney were observed under microscope at the stage of ischemia for 20 min, reflow for 1 h and 5 h.CONCLUSION: Incomplete ligation of bilateral renal arteries develops multiple clinical manifestations and characteristics of functional ARF. This animal model of ARF is helpful for relevant purposes of teaching and research.     

干旱和铅胁迫对刺槐和紫穗槐抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过盆栽实验,研究了铅胁迫和干旱胁迫对1 a生刺槐、紫穗槐及其紫穗槐平茬后萌条叶片抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:高浓度(1 000~3 000 mg·kg-1)的铅处理能提高SOD活性,低浓度(300~500 mg·kg-1)的铅处理提高了POD活性;水分和铅胁迫共同作用,刺激了各树种叶片的酶活性。综合分析,紫穗槐的抗性优于刺槐,抗铅胁迫能力紫穗槐苗木>紫穗槐萌条>刺槐苗木。     

应用多元回归模型预测红茄梨单叶面积、鲜重和干重的方法

以红茄梨为试材,应用多元回归模型探讨单叶长度(L)、宽度(W)、SPAD值(S)与单叶面积(LA)、单叶鲜重(FW)和单叶干重(DW)之间的关系,结果分析得到3个作用显著的回归方程:Y_(LA)=-10.84102+6.52299X_W+0.55063W_(LW)-0.62566X_W~2(R~2=0.9149);Y_(FW)=0.40273-0.16328X_L+0.06057X_(LW)+0.00311X_S-0.03973X_W~2(R~2=0.9439);Y_(DW)=0.15305-0.07116X_L+0.02439X_(LW)+0.00199X_S-0.01582X_W~2(R~2=0.9126)。模型验证结果显示,3个模型预测值均与实测值呈现显著线性相关关系。     

利用黄瓜远缘群体遗传连锁图谱进行始花节位定位

利用黄瓜远缘群体的分子遗传连锁图谱,对雌花节位性状进行了QTL定位。共找到8个控制雌花节位的QTL位点:ff-1、ff-2、ff-3、ff-4、ff-5、ff-6、ff-7、ff-8,分别位于LG2、LG3、LG6、LG7连锁群上,这些QTL位点对雌花节位性状表型变异贡献率分别为81.6%、81.0%、81.0%、80.0%、80.6%、81.1%、81.0%、80.7%,其中ff-1、ff-2、ff-5、ff-6、ff-7、ff-8加性效应值为正,为增效加性效应,ff-3、ff-4加性效应值为负,是减效加性效应。     

镉对草莓幼苗根尖氧化系统和基因组DNA损伤的影响

采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术和生理生化方法检测镉胁迫对草莓幼苗根尖氧化系统和DNA多态性的影响。结果表明,用5、10和15 mg · L-1镉（CdCl2 · 2.5H2O）处理6 d后,草莓幼苗根伸长及根系中可溶性蛋白质含量均受到抑制,根尖活性氧爆发（超氧阴离子产生速率升高和过氧化氢含量增加）,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降,DNA增色效应减少。选用8条寡核苷酸引物（10 bp）对草莓幼苗根尖细胞中基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增,对照组图谱中可分辨出88条RAPD谱带,其分子量为150 ~ 3 500 bp,处理组与对照组RAPD图谱之间存在明显差异,且与镉浓度之间存在剂量效应关系。镉影响草莓幼苗根尖细胞中基因组模板的稳定性,活性氧爆发和DNA交联是根尖DNA损伤的主要原因,利用RAPD技术获得的DNA多态性变化可作为检测草莓根尖DNA损伤的指标。     

自然五倍体野生草莓果实风味物质分析

以中国自然五倍体野生草莓黑1与黑6的成熟果实为试材,采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）、气相色谱—质谱（GC–MS）及高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术,分析果实香气、糖、酸成分。结果表明,自然五倍体野生草莓含11类92种挥发性成分,相对含量大于1%的成分有5类共22种,其中乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、3–甲基丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、乙酸桃金娘烯醇酯、2–戊酮、甲基壬基甲酮、乙醇、2–庚醇、1–己醇、（E）–2–己烯–1–醇、己醛、（E）–2–己烯醛、4–甲氧基–2 ,5–二甲基–3（2H）–呋喃酮是主要的香气物质,与东方草莓黑10（4x）、东北草莓吉12（2x）相比,3–甲基丁酸乙酯为自然五倍体试材所特有,而4–甲氧基–2 ,5–二甲基–3（2H）–呋喃酮、2–戊酮、2–庚醇、1–己醇、（E）–2–己烯–1–醇的相对含量较高;自然五倍体野生草莓的主要糖成分为果糖,其次为葡萄糖,蔗糖最少,山梨醇在两份野生资源中差异较大;苹果酸为自然五倍体野生草莓的主要酸成分,其含量占总酸含量的86%以上。     

Probucol inhibits proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein

AIM: To investigate the relationships between antiproliferative mechanisms of probucol and protein expressions of signaling molecules ERK1/2, MKP-1, HO-1 and Trx-1 in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) stimulated with ox-LDL. METHODS: The effects of probucol on cell cycle, cell proliferation and the expressions of ERK1/2, MKP-1, HO-1 and Trx-1 in the presence of ox-LDL were observed by means of MTT test, FCM and Western blotting. RESULTS: (1) Probucol significantly inhibited the proliferation of RASMCs stimulated with ox-LDL. A value in 100 μmol/L probucol+35 mg/L ox-LDL group was reduced by 34.9% as compared to ox-LDL group (P<0.01). (2) Probucol protected against ox-LDL-induced RASMCs proliferation through inducing cell growth arrest at G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis. (3) ox-LDL increased the expression of p-ERK1/2 by 34.7% (P<0.01) and decreased MKP-1 by 60.0% (P<0.01), respectively, as compared to control. Probucol attenuated the increase in ox-LDL-stimulated p-ERK1/2 level by 15.7%, but increased MKP-1 expression by 2 times (P<0.01). (4)ox-LDL at concentration of 35 mg/L decreased the intracellular Trx-1 expression by 28.9% (P<0.05), and slightly increased the level of HO-1 expression as compared to control (P<0.05). Probucol enhanced the expression of Trx-1 by 91.6% (P<0.01) and HO-1 by 31.9% (P<0.01), respectively as compared to ox-LDL group. CONCLUSION: Probucol inhibits ox-LDL-stimulated the proliferation of RASMCs through increases in MKP-1/HO-1 expression, suppression of cell cycle progression and induction of cell apoptosis.     

甜荞种质资源种子化学成分比较研究

对来源于不同地区的22份甜荞种质资源种子蛋白质、脂肪及脂肪酸等化学成分进行了测定和分析,结果表明:供试种质间的变异幅度较小。聚类分析后,22份供试荞麦种质可分为2类:第一类为粗蛋白、脂肪、Fe含量较高。第二类VE、Se、VP的含量较高;所有供试材料的饱和脂肪酸(硬脂酸)含量均明显低于不饱和脂肪酸含量(棕榈酸和油酸);相关分析表明:蛋白质与面筋质的相关性亦呈极显著正相关。