天然富硒茶产地筛选评价方法的构建与应用

近年来包括富硒茶在内的富硒农产品备受市场青睐,如何在广大富硒土壤区找到更适于富硒茶开发的产地,至今缺乏一套产地筛选的评价方法,因此,构建富硒茶产地筛选的评价方法,对于充分利用富硒土壤资源,推动富硒茶产业发展具有重要意义。遴选土壤p H、有机质、硒含量和茶叶硒富集系数4项参数作为评价指标,采用模糊数学模型初步构建了富硒茶产地筛选的评价方法体系,并以云南茶叶主产区临沧市和普洱市为例进行应用。研究结果表明：(1)茶园土壤p H范围为3.82～8.46,临沧市和普洱市各县茶园土壤p H达到Ⅰ级标准的土壤的比例分别为30.00%～87.50%和17.64%～80.00%,大部分土壤p H总体上适合茶树生长,偏碱土壤不适宜茶叶富集硒。(2)茶园土壤有机质含量范围在2.15～91.8 g·kg^-1,有机质含量总体比较丰富,除景东县、镇沅县、思茅区、宁洱县和景谷县外,其余各县土壤有机质含量均达到Ⅰ级标准。(3)临沧市茶园土壤硒含量的范围为0.05～1.20 mg·kg^-1,除云县、凤庆县和双江县外,茶园土壤硒含量平均值均达到最适宜茶园对土壤硒含量的要求;而普...     

文心兰高效再生体系的建立

[目的]建立文心兰高效再生体系,为利用转基因技术进行品种改良提供科学依据.[方法]以文心兰柠檬绿的无菌苗叶片为材料,探讨不同植物生长调节剂配比对其原球茎诱导的影响,开展增殖、生根及移栽研究,建立其高效稳定的再生体系.[结果]影响文心兰原球茎诱导的3种植物生长调节剂主次排序为萘乙酸(NAA)>噻苯隆(TDZ)>6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA),在1/2MS培养基中添加0.5 mg/L NAA、0.5 mg/L 6-BA和0.3 mg/L TDZ的诱导率最高,达48.0%.培养基中活性炭含量及碳水化合物种类对文心兰原球茎增殖的影响存在明显差异,不同活性炭含量处理间的原球茎增殖系数存在显著差异(P<0.05,下同),添加1.0 g/L活性炭较添加0.5 g/L活性炭的增殖系数显著升高,不同碳水化合物种类间的原球茎增殖系数排序为海藻糖>麦芽糖>蔗糖,最佳增殖和分化培养基为1/2MS+4.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA+1.0 g/L活性炭+20 g/L海藻糖.添加10%椰子水的文心兰幼苗生根数显著高于添加10%香蕉汁和10%苹果汁,每株平均生根量接近4.00条,即生根效果最佳的培养基为1/2MS+0.8 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+10%椰子水.移栽过程中根部用水苔包裹后再移至椰糠中,保证光照、水分适宜,适当添加缓释肥,移栽成活率可达100%.[结论]利用海藻糖或麦芽糖作为碳源的文心兰原球茎增殖效果较优,生根数和生根质量优势明显;不同植物生长调节剂配比、碳源和有机物的添加对文心兰组织培养具有明显的促进效果.     

不同架式栽培对台农1号百香果果实品质 和产量的影响

[目的]探究不同架式栽培对台农1号百香果果实品质和产量的影响,为筛选适宜台农1号百香果的架式模式提供参考依据.[方法]采用酸碱滴定、2,6-二氯靛酚滴定和蒽酮比色等方法对7种不同架式下台农1号百香果的果实品质进行对比研究,分析果实单果重、纵径、横径、果形指数、果皮厚度、可食率、种子数、果皮明度值(L*)、红绿值(a*)和黄蓝值(b*)等外观指标,及可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、Vc、糖酸比和固酸比等内在生理指标,产量取高、中、低小区平均值,并对指标进行方差分析和主成分分析.[结果]不同架式栽培下台农1号百香果的单果重、果实纵径和横径、果形指数、可食率及果皮厚度均差异不显著(P>0.05);其中,果形指数在1.08~1.10,近圆形;Y形架栽培的果皮L*、a*和b*值较其他架式高,分别为30.36、17.65和5.89;V形架栽培的可食率最高,达47.03%,果皮最薄,为0.54 cm;A形架的种子数明显低于其他架式;双层架和篱壁架的产量显著高于其他架式栽培(P<0.05,下同),不同架式产量排序为双层架>篱壁架>T形架>V形架>Y形架>棚架>A形架.不同架式栽培的果实可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、糖酸比及固酸比等内在品质指标均表现出一定的差异性.其中,A形架的果实可滴定酸含量显著高于其他架式;Y形架果实糖酸比和可溶性总糖含量显著高于其他架式;棚架的固酸比和Vc含量显著高于其他架式;篱壁架的果实可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他架式.主成分分析将所检测的17个指标综合为5个特征根大于1的主成分,累计解释方差为94.965%,能代表原17个指标性状的绝大部分信息,不同架式因子得分排序为V形架>Y形架>篱壁架>A形架>双层架>T型架>棚架.[结论]台农1号百香果适应性强,篱壁架的栽培模式简单易操作.根据贵州省地形、环境条件、架材和生产成本,因地制宜种植台农1号,并配套篱壁架栽培技术的管理,对推动贵州百香果产业跨越式发展具有重要意义.     

水稻蜡质稀少突变体wax1的鉴定及基因定位

【目的】 蜡质是植物表面的一种重要保护物质,筛选和鉴定水稻蜡质相关突变体有助于解析水稻蜡质形成的遗传机制。【方法】利用EMS诱变籼稻品种湘早籼6号,从突变体库中筛选出一个蜡质稀少的突变体wax1,考查突变体的形态特征和农艺性状,利用突变体与02428杂交的F₂群体定位目标基因,并通过荧光定量PCR分析相关基因的表达情况。【结果】与野生型相比,wax1突变体具有叶片短小皱褶、叶表面蜡质晶体减少、穗长变短等形态特征;在农艺性状方面,突变体的株高、每穗总粒数和千粒重显著降低,但有效穗数显著高于野生型;遗传分析表明,wax1的突变表型受一对隐性核基因控制,将WAX1基因定位在第10染色体上SSR标记RM5806与InDel标记P1之间,物理距离约为49.8 kb;定位区间内的测序结果表明,突变体中β-酮脂酰-CoA合酶的编码基因发生单碱基突变,导致催化活性中心的一个氨基酸发生改变。WAX1基因的突变显著提高了同源异型盒基因OSH6的表达,同时引起部分IAA基因的差异表达。【结论】WAX1基因突变引起叶表面蜡质晶体的减少,同时通过影响茎尖分生组织和生长素的信号转导引起植株生长发育等多方面的异常。     

播期播量对小麦中麦895产量和品质的影响

为给小麦新品种中麦895的推广提供技术支撑,2013-2015在关中中部灌区,采用二次D饱和最优设计方法研究了播期与播量对中麦895产量及品质的效应。结果表明,播期和播量显著影响中麦895的产量,其高产适宜的播期为10月12日-19日,适宜的播量为170.2 kg·hm^-2～206.5 kg·hm^-2。不同处理之间成穗数、千粒重和产量差异极显著,穗粒数差异显著。播量为185.5 kg·hm^-2时,达到最高产量的适宜播期为10月14日-22日;播期为10月14日时,达到最高产量适宜的播量为130.5 kg·hm^-2～207.3 kg·hm^-2。播期和播量可显著影响中麦895的蛋白质含量和容重,对加工品质和拉伸品质没有显著影响;适期偏晚播种有利于提高中麦895的成穗数和千粒重以获得高产。     

硝化抑制剂对枸杞园土壤的作用效果研究

通过室内恒温培养试验,筛选出效果最佳的硝化抑制剂剂型及剂量并应用于枸杞园土壤,研究其对枸杞产量及品质的影响。室内恒温培养试验供试硝化抑制剂为2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(Nitrapyrin)、双氰胺(DCD)和3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP),共设17个处理：未添加硝化抑制剂(CK),添加Nitrapyrin(纯氮量的0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%),添加DMPP(纯氮量的0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%),添加DCD(纯氮量的1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、3.5%、4.0%和5.0%)。结果表明：在砂土的培养中,三者硝化抑制效果表现为DMPP≥Nitrapyrin＞DCD;DMPP和Nitrapyrin的硝化抑制率分别为71.90%~75.17%和4.83%~77.28%。但由于DMPP的价格(240~360元·kg^-1)及用量均高于Nitrapyrin(155元·kg^-1),故选择纯氮量0.5%的Nitrapyrin应用于大田试验。田间试验设置4个处理：农民习惯施肥为SF100,SFN100、SFN80及SFN60处理是在SF100处理基础上分别减少0%、40%、60%的枸杞专用肥同时添加纯氮量为0.5%浓度的Nitrapyrin。结果表明：田间试验中施用Nitrapyrin处理的产量较SF100处理分别提高了6.67%,5.80%及3.52%,同时与SF100处理相比,SFN100处理的多糖及蛋白质含量分别提高了16.22%及8.67%。综合经济效益及生态效益,浓度为纯氮量0.5%的Nitrapyrin为最佳处理。在大田试验中施用Nitrapyrin同时减少枸杞专用肥的用量,枸杞产量及效益均有所提高,且蛋白质及多糖含量有显著增加。因此,可初步认为硝化抑制剂的施用对枸杞的种植有“减肥增效”的作用。     

利用秋水仙素喷淋加倍不同遗传基础的单倍体子粒探讨

以不同血缘及不同世代的遗传育种材料为母本、高频孤雌生殖诱导系辽诱1和CAU5等为父本杂交诱导产生的单倍体子粒为实验材料,研究秋水仙素浓度为0.625 mg/mL的条件下,用喷淋加倍设备对试验材料进行8 h喷淋的加倍效果。结果表明,喷淋秋水仙素后,郑单958的S2代的材料加倍率最高,为33.75%;第2位的是L3258×H71,是NSS种质S0代材料,其加倍率为13.02%;第3位的是D299/PH4CV,为NSS种质S1代材料,加倍率为10.34%。研究表明,喷淋秋水仙素的加倍效果与遗传背景关系紧密,喷淋秋水仙素加倍率总体由高到低的顺序为郑单958NSS种质(SS+NSS)种质SS种质欧洲杂交种,喷淋秋水仙素对全部试验材料的加倍率都有提高作用,比自然加倍提高0.83～5.08倍。利用该喷淋设备加倍单倍体子粒,具有节约用药量、操作简便、便于大规模生产应用、减少人员对秋水仙素的接触、废液回收方便、有利于保护环境等优点。     

Effects of different active constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL

AIM To investigate the effects of different components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum ［gypenosides (Gps), gypenoside XLIX (GpXLIX) and ginsenoside Rb3 (GRb3)］ on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, model group, Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group. The cells in control group were cultured only in DMEM complete medium. The cells in model group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h. The cells in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h, and then treated with Gps, GpXLIX and GRb3 at 100 mg/L for another 24 h, respectively. The ATP content in each group was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5a （Cox5a）, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 （Ndufs1）, ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5a) and cytochrome C (Cyt C）, were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control group, the ATP content in model group was decreased (P<0.01). After drug intervention, the ATP content increased to different degrees in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.01). The results of Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system were consistent with those of Western blot. These results showed that compared with control group, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a in model group was decreased, and the protein expression of Cyt C was increased (P<0.01). After intervention, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a was increased and the protein expression of Cyt C was decreased in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among them, the effect of Gps on the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and Cyt C was significantly stronger than those of the 2 monomer components, and the effect of GRb3 was found to be superior in the 2 monomer components. The effect of GpXLIX on ATP5a protein was superior to the other 2 components. CONCLUSION Gynostemma total saponins and related active ingredients protect ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells by affecting mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, thereby preventing and treating atherosclerosis.     

Effect of tanshinone ⅡA on liver lipid deposition and ferroptosis-related protein expression in ApoE-/- mice

AIM To observe the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on liver lipid deposition and ferroptosis-related protein expression in ApoE^-/- mice. METHODS Thirty-two ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into model group, high-dose (60 mg/kg) tanshinone ⅡA group, low-dose (30 mg/kg) tanshinone ⅡA group and simvastatin group, and C57BL/6J mice (n=8) were used as normal control group. The mice in normal control group were given the basic feeding, while the others were given high-fat diet. The mice in tanshinone ⅡA groups and simvastatin group were given corresponding drugs. The mice in normal control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of saline. Eight weeks later, the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were tested by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The liver tissues were stained with HE and oil red O. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues of the mice were measured by commercially available kits. The liver glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and p53 were detected by immunohistochemical method. The protein and mRNA expression levels of ferroptosis-related factors GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11, p53 and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in model group were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and HDL-C did not change significantly. The fat vacuoles were clearly visible in liver tissue. The content of ROS in liver tissue was increased significantly,and GSH was decreased significantly (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 were increased significantly, and GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11 and FTH1 were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group, tanshinone ⅡA significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and HDL-C did not change significantly. High-dose and low-dose tanshinoneⅡA also significantly decreased the degree of steatosis, and the size of lipid droplets. The content of ROS in liver tissues was decreased significantly, and GSH was increased significantly (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11 and FTH1 were increased significantly, and p53 were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Tanshinone ⅡA reduces liver lipid deposition and lipid peroxidation damage in ApoE^-/- mice, which may be related to the intervention of ferroptosis-related proteins in the liver cells.