不同品种兔眼越橘花粉超微结构与营养成分的观察分析

为探索越橘花粉稔性与超微结构及营养成分的关系,以灿烂、园蓝、粉蓝、杰兔和顶峰5个兔眼越橘品种的花粉为试材,运用透射电镜观察花粉结构及测定了花粉营养成分。结果表明,越橘花粉结构中,内膜系统清晰可见,发育程度因品种而异。花前的花粉细胞核仁较大,蛋白质合成旺盛。通过花粉超微结构与营养成分间关系的分析比较表明,花粉壁的厚度、花粉细胞的蛋白质含量与花粉的萌发率没有相关性。花粉细胞的全糖和脯氨酸含量与花粉发芽率有正相关趋势。内质网发育程度与蛋白质含量呈正相关趋势。     

水分胁迫对结球白菜光合特性的影响

以3个结球白菜品种新早56、新乡小包、北京小杂为试材,采用盆栽方式模拟田间试验,人为设置4个土壤相对含水量处理,研究了水分胁迫对大白菜光合特性的影响。结果表明,随着土壤水分胁迫程度的增加,白菜叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均逐渐下降,光合速率高低顺序表现为新早56>新乡小包>北京小杂,而胞间CO2浓度则品种间无显著差异,表明在水分胁迫下非气孔因素是导致白菜叶片光合速率下降的主要原因,同时说明新早56的抗旱性强于新乡小包和北京小杂。     

河南省樱桃谷鸭乙型肝炎病毒全基因组克隆与序列分析

对河南省樱桃谷鸭主产区信阳、新郑、焦作三地628份樱桃谷鸭血清样本应用PCR技术进行鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）检测,并将三地DHBV阳性样本各挑选1份进行DHBV全基因的扩增、克隆、测序及序列分析。结果显示,信阳、新郑、焦作三地樱桃谷鸭DHBV自然携带率分别为10.5%、8.9%、17.6%;3株DHBV基因组全长分别为3 021、3 027、3 024bp,均含有编码P、S和C蛋白的3个开放阅读框,各开放阅读框氨基酸同源性比较显示差异显著的区域位于P蛋白。序列分析显示,3株DHBV河南株核苷酸同源性为89.8%~93.9%,与参考株为89.4%~99.5%。遗传进化分析及P蛋白关键位点分析结果表明,信阳分离株为西方基因型,其余2株为中国基因型。本试验掌握了河南省樱桃谷鸭主产区DHBV自然感染情况,并成功克隆了3株樱桃谷鸭DHBV全基因序列,为该病毒的进一步研究提供了有益信息。     

昆虫黑化反应的分子机制研究进展

目的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)属于节肢动物门甲壳纲十足目,也称淡水小龙虾。多巴脱羧酶(dopa decarboxylase)作为小龙虾先天免疫应答中的一种关键酶,在抵御外来病原体的侵害上起到了重要作用。本研究以克氏原螯虾为材料,克隆了Pc-ddc cDNA序列并对其进行生物信息学及组织mRNA表达分析。方法通过分子生物学技术构建大肠杆菌表达载体,并进行生物信息学分析,同时应用qRT-PCR技术分析其mRNA组织表达分布。结果生物信息学分析表明：获得了开放阅读框全长为1 425 bp的Pc-ddc基因的cDNA序列,编码474个氨基酸残基,多肽的理论分子量为52.99 ku,蛋白分子式为C₂₃₈₄H₃₆₈₉N₆₄₇O₆₇₄S₂₅,等电点为5.98,为弱酸性蛋白且N-末端无信号肽。亚细胞定位表明：Pc-DDC蛋白在线粒体中最多;组织表达分析表明：Pc-ddc mRNA在检测的6个组织中差异表达,其中,淋巴组织表达量最高。结论本研究为克氏原螯虾等无脊椎动物先天免疫系统的深入探索提供了理论支撑。     

蔬菜高效施药装置药量专家系统测试

为了满足蔬菜高效施药的精确性和便捷性,借助信息技术手段将专家知识库存贮在单片机芯片中,通过快捷的选择调用达到蔬菜高效施药的目的。本文介绍了高效施药装置专家系统的工作原理,并通过试验验证了其理论施药量和实际控制值具有较好的一致性。     

水稻株型性状的配合力分析

将１０个恢复系,５个不育系按不完全双列杂交组配,考察其Ｆ１代株型性状的配合力。结果表明,剑叶长,宽,角度,株高４个性状的遗传主要受加性效应的影响,分蘖角度受加性效应和非加性效应的影响,但主要受非加性效应的影响。不同材料的一般配合力,特殊配合力效应及其变异程度存在着差异。     

Überleben von Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2 (Rasse 3), dem Erreger der Schleimkrankheit der Kartoffel, in Boden und auf verschiedenen Materialien (Mikrokosmos)

Microcosm studies were carried out to test the survival of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 (race 3) in soil at the permanent wilting point (wp) water content and at field capacity (fc) water content and on various material. Soils were placed at permanent ?5°C, 4°C, 15°C and 20°C and weekly fluctuating ?10/0/+10°C and the material at 5, 15 °C, 20°C with relative humidity (rh) uncontrolled or at constant 10% or 90%. In soil, survival was clearly dependent on temperature independent of water content. At 20°C Ralstonia solanacearum could be reisolated up to 364 days, at 15°C up to 290 days, at 4°C up to 209 days and at fluctuating temperatures (?10/0/+10°C) only up to 18 days. The lower the temperature, the more the population declined. At 15°C and 20°C appr. 10⁷ cfu/g soil were detected after 100 days, whereas at ?5°C only 10² cfu/g soil were detected after only 18 days. The pathogen was longer detectable in sandy-clay loam than in lighter sandy soil. It could be longer reisolated at wilting point and the populations did not decline as rapidly as at field capacity. Ralstonia solanacearum could best survive on material surfaces like rubber, plastic and varnished metal with maximum survival of 40 days at 5°C and 10% rh. In general there is a low risk of Ralstonia solanacearum overwintering under European climatic conditions when the fields are cleared of plant debris and the soil is frozen. Contamined material surfaces pose the risk of pathogen transmission to healthy tubers.     

Swinepox--skin disease with sporadic occurrence

Swinepox virus infection results in an acute, mild or subclinical course and is characterised by typical poxvirus skin lesions in affected pigs. Additionally, sporadic vertical swinepox virus transmission leads to congenital generalised infection and subsequent abortion or stillbirth. The present report describes the occurrence of epidermal efflorescences in two piglets after intrauterine natural suipoxvirus infection. No clinical abnormalities of the gilt and littermates as well as in other pigs from this herd were present. One of the affected piglets was stillborn and submitted for necropsy, the other animal was alive at birth, but died 3 days later. Histologically, a proliferative to ulcerative dermatitis with epithelial ballooning degeneration and characteristic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies was observed. The pathomorphological and histopathological suspected diagnosis of a poxvirus infection was confirmed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, the agent was identified as suipoxvirus by polymerase chain reaction. As demonstrated here, obvious skin lesions in suipoxvirus infection leads to a suspected diagnosis in newborn piglets on macroscopic examination. However, further post mortem examinations, including electron microscopy as well as molecular techniques are essential for the identification of the aetiology and the exclusion of differential diagnoses. Because the disease only affected two pigs there was only a small economic loss. A valid diagnostic plays an important role in advising farmers and for herd health monitoring.     

Ultrasonic diagnosis in dogs and cats. 2. Clinical use--a review

Most organs, unless mineralized or gas containing, may be examined ultrasonographically, though with variable success. Echocardiography is a particularly valuable tool since the dynamic cardiac action can be quantified in detail. In parenchymal organs discrimination between solid and cavitary lesions such as cyst, hematoma, or abscess is possible. Focal disease is more easily recognized than diffuse disease. Establishment of an etiologic diagnosis is rarely possible. Many organs however may be biopsied under ultrasonographic guidance and control.