宁夏菌物物种多样性研究

为了进一步了解菌物物种的多样性,为植物病害防治及合理利用菌物提供科学依据,2003~2006年,通过实地考察、标本采集和鉴定,对宁夏回族自治区菌物物种多样性进行了系统研究。结果表明,宁夏回族自治区境内共有菌物6门、15纲和亚纲、38目、92科、241属、862种,其中中国新记录属4个,中国新纪录种19个,宁夏新纪录种74个,中国寄主新纪录种18个,种类最多的门、纲、目、科、属依次是担子菌门、担子菌纲、伞菌目、淡色孢科、柄锈菌属,种类分布最多的地区是银川市。     

EST-SSR标记在白菜种质资源分析中的应用

利用EST-SSR标记对30份白菜种质资源进行分析。结果EST-SSR标记可以作为白菜品种鉴定、种质资源评价和亲缘关系进行有效分析。     

灰色关联度评价法在甘春系列小麦拉面品质中的应用

采用灰色关联系数法对15个2003年品比圃中筛选出的甘春系列小麦品种组合的拉面品质的各项指标进行了测定分析,根据产量、蛋白质含量、灰分、面筋含量、面筋指数、面团延展性等指标建立综合评价的指标体系,筛选出了综合品质较优的组合。     

白菜EST-SSR信息分析与标记的建立

 数量迅速增加的EST为开发新的SSR标记提供了宝贵的资源。本研究对4 584条白菜EST进行了搜索, 共检索出474个SSR, 检出率为10.3% , 包括40种重复基元。其中二核苷酸和三核苷酸重复单元的EST-SSR占主导地位, 二者出现的频率基本相近, 占总SSR的近83%; 其它重复类型所占比例均不足5%。GA和GAA是二、三核苷酸中的优势重复类型, 分别占二、三核苷酸重复类型的71.5%和37.5%。设计了15对EST-SSR引物, 在合适的PCR反应体系下, 以构建EST的白菜自交系A的DNA为模板, 对设计的EST-SSR引物进行筛选, 发现15对EST-SSR引物都能扩增出产物。进一步用这些可扩增的引物对28个白菜品种进行PCR扩增, 发现7对引物显示多态性, 占引物总数的46.7%。此结果表明, 根据EST建立EST-SSR标记是一条简便而又有效的途径。     

Changes in the composition and properties of humic acids under the influence of microorganisms

By gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 and G-75, we investigated the changes in the composition and ratio of the molecular fractions of humic acids under the influence of native soil microbial complexes. The highest degree of decomposition of the initial humic acid was observed when ammonium nitrate was used as a source of additional energy in the mineral nutrient medium without a yeast extract. The appearance of a low molecular fraction of organic substances on chromatograms may be associated with the synthesis by bacteria of simple organic substances on the medium with humic acids as a single source of carbon.     

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SALAD ROCKET GROWN IN DIFFERENT MONTHS OF THE YEAR

The effects of months of the year and nitrogen (N) sources on salad rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) yield, quality, and nitrate accumulation was investigated during the years 2002 and 2003. In both years, seeds were sown on the first day of April, May, June, July, August and September. Three different nitrogen sources were used: farmyard (cattle) manure (100 tonnes·ha^?1), calcium nitrate [Ca(NO₃)₂]-15.5% N (150 kg N·ha^?1) and ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄)]-21% N (150 kg N·ha^?1). Yield, leaf color, dry matter, vitamin C and total glucosinolate content and nitrate accumulation was assessed. Growing months affected all the assessed parameters significantly both years, with the exception of hue angle in 2003, whereas nitrogen source only influenced yield and nitrate accumulation in 2003. In both years the highest yield was obtained in April, but vitamin C and total glucosinolate contents were higher during summer months, and leaves were slightly darker colored. Chemical fertilizers increased the yield compared to farmyard manure; however, they also increased nitrate accumulation slightly, without any significant difference between them. Nitrate accumulation never exceeded 300 mg kg^?1 fresh weight (FW), which is well below the acceptable daily intake of 3.7 mg nitrate per kg^?1 bodyweight set by European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food.     

Changes in the humus status and the structure of the microbial biomass in hydrogen exhalation places

The exhalation of hydrogen out of the earth’s deep sediments in the areas usually confined to tectonic fractures has been investigated. In places of hydrogen exhalation, ring-shaped structures of subsidence are formed. They are well identified on satellite images. The concentrations of molecular hydrogen measured in the field exceed to a great extent its probable production in soils. The soils influenced by two factors—a flux of molecular hydrogen and temporary waterlogging—are shown to degrade rapidly. The humus content decreases by 2–3 times; the optical density of the humic acids drops significantly; and the humus distribution, according to the morphological features, points to its high mobility. On the whole, hydrogen emissions inhibit the microbial activity resulting in a drastic decrease of the total microbial biomass and a greater contribution of bacteria to its structure. In a model experiment with hydrogen passing through a soil column, the bleaching of the soil by 2% and some reduction in the optical density of the humic acids were recorded.     

98%棉隆颗粒剂在甘肃岷县当归育苗中的应用效果

2019年, 在甘肃省岷县, 选用98%棉隆GR 225~450 kg/hm2不同施用量, 开展当归育苗田土壤消毒对有害生物及当归苗相关性状的影响试验。结果发现:与空白对照相比较, 不同施用量对株高有促进作用。有害生物终期防效调查发现, 对地下害虫防效100%;对麻口病防效50.00%~69.30%;对田间杂草防效62.39%~83.28%。综合投资效益比较, 建议在今后当归田育苗中选用98%棉隆GR 375 kg/hm2施用量, 具有较好的提高种苗质量和单位效益的作用。     

光活化毒素α-T对棉铃虫和亚洲玉米螟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的影响

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)是机体对抗内源或外源性诱导产生的脂质过氧化反应的一种保护酶系。研究表明,紫外光照(300~400 nm) 对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis GSH-PX没有显著影响,但可诱导棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera GSH-PX活性升高。经光活化毒素α-T处理后,亚洲玉米螟和棉铃虫GSH-PX活性均有不同程度的升高,这可能是昆虫对α-T引起的氧化协迫作出的一种防御性反应。     

德豆99-16的选育及高产稳产性分析

德豆99-16是德州市农业科学院于1997年以美国“黄沙大豆”为亲本材料,用He-Ne进行激光辐射处理萌动的大豆种子胚,从后代变异中选育出的大豆新品种,2006年通过了国家农作物品种审定委员会的审定。我们利用高稳系数法对德豆99-16的高产稳产性进行了分析。结果表明,用高稳系数估算德豆99-16高产稳产性结果与通用方法估测出的高产性和稳产性结果相似,体现了高产基础上的稳产,从而证明了德豆99-16是一个高产、稳产、优质、多抗、适应性强的大豆新品种,又对其高产稳产的原因进行了初步探讨,为其大面积推广奠定了理论基础。