叶面施肥和遮光对孔雀草生理特性的影响

通过对孔雀草(Tagetes patula L.)进行叶面施肥和遮光处理,研究了施肥和遮光对孔雀草生理指标的影响。结果表明,遮光使孔雀草叶片的丙二醛(MDA)、游离氨基酸、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著增加;叶面施肥使孔雀草叶片中的叶绿素含量显著增加,使叶片的MDA、游离氨基酸、Pro含量下降,POD活性减弱;叶面施肥和遮光对孔雀草的生理代谢存在一定的交互效应,说明充足施肥和光照是保证孔雀草生长良好的重要因素。     

Response dynamics of three defense related enzymes in cotton leaves to the interactive stress of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) herbivory and omethoate application

In order to explore the response dynamics of the activities of defense related enzymes in cotton leaves towards the interactive stress of Helicoverpa armigera herbivory and omethoate application, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), lipoxygenase(LOX), and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) were examined from 6 to 126 h after cotton leaves were treated 12 h of H. armigera herbivory, and then sprayed with 800 mg L–1 omethoate. The results showed that the changes in the activities of PAL, LOX and PPO that occured under the interactive stress of H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application reflected the interactive effects of the two stresses on cotton defense. The similarity between the response dynamics of PAL, LOX, and PPO activities in cotton leaves under the interactive stress and that under H. armigera herbivory treatment alone showed that the induction of H. armigera herbivory on the activities of PAL, LOX and PPO in cotton leaves played a leading role in the interactive effects, and the effect of omethoate application played only a minor role. A joint factor analysis was performed according to a method which has been used to analyze the joint toxicity of pesticides; this analysis sought to clarify if there was a synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect on PAL, LOX, and PPO activity in cotton leaves resulting from the interactive H. armigera herbivory and omethoate treatment. In the interactive effect on the response of PAL activity in cotton leaves, antagonistic effects of the omethoate application towards H. armigera herbivory were observed at 6 and 12 h. Synergistic effects were then observed at 18 and 30 h. Antagonistic effects were observed from 54 to 78 h and synergistic effects were finally observed at 126 h. The correlation between H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application in the interactive effect on cotton defense responses of LOX activity also fluctuated from synergism to antagonism during the time course. In the interactive effect on PPO activity, only antagonism was observed between H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application. In the interactive stress of H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application on cotton defense responses, omethoate affected the defense responses of cotton to H. armigera herbivory by producing antagonistic and synergistic effects. These results will be useful to understand the relationship between host plant and herbivorous pest.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌aiiA基因的克隆及植物表达载体构建

N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs)是革兰氏阴性细菌致病过程中的关键信号分子,芽孢杆菌中广泛存在的aiiA基因编码AHL-Lactonase能够水解信号分子AHLs。利用PCR方法从苏云金芽孢杆菌中克隆了aiiA基因,序列分析表明该基因由753个碱基组成,编码含有250个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,核苷酸序列与已报道aiiA的同源性为89%～97%。将该基因连接到植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301中,成功构建了aiiA基因的植物表达载体pCAM-aiiA,为进一步通过转基因技术研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

修枝高度对西南桦拟木蠹蛾为害的影响

以广西百色5年生西南桦人工幼林为研究对象,设置系列修枝高度开展西南桦修枝试验,调查修枝前以及修枝后3年内西南桦林分的拟木蠹蛾(Arbela spp.)为害状况,揭示修枝高度对拟木蠹蛾为害的影响。结果表明:修枝前以及修枝后3年内不同处理间西南桦林分总体感虫株率和受害单株虫口数无显著差异(p>0.05),但修枝后修枝段的感虫率和虫口数均低于对照(未修枝)相应区段,其中6m和7m修枝高度处理中修枝段感虫率与对照组相应区段差异均达显著水平(p<0.05);而且使拟木蠹蛾在树干上的集中分布段提升1.5m以上;说明合理修枝能够显著减轻修枝段的拟木蠹蛾危害,从而提高修枝段的木材质量,为西南桦优质大径材培育提供依据。     

滇陆猪Nramp1基因多态性对其在组织中表达的影响

[目的]明确自然抵抗相关巨噬细胞蛋白1基因(Nramp1)多态性对其在滇陆猪群体各组织中表达的影响,从分子遗传学角度阐述滇陆猪不同基因型个体对疫病免疫的遗传差异,为其抗病育种选育提供参考依据.[方法]采用PCR对27头滇陆猪Nramp1基因进行扩增,以DNASTAR 5.0进行序列比对分析及多态性(SNP)位点检测;同时利用实时荧光定量PCR检测Nramp1基因在滇陆猪各组织中的相对表达量,并运用SPSS 19.0分析Nramp1基因多态性对其在滇陆猪群体各组织中表达的影响.[结果]在滇陆猪Nramp1基因第5外显子、第5内含子和第6外显子上分别发现SNP1(T→C)、SNP2(A→G)和SNP3(G→A)等3个SNPs位点,都只存在2种基因型,且SNP1位点和SNP3位点在试验猪群体中属于低度多态[多态信息含量(PIC)/杂合度(He)<0.25)],SNP2位点属于中度多态(0.25肝脏>脾脏>心脏;此外,Nramp1基因在不同基因型滇陆猪群体中表现出的组织差异表达也不同,尤其是Nramp1基因在SNP2位点纯合群体肝脏中的相对表达量显著低于在杂合群体肝脏中的相对表达量,说明Nramp1基因多态性变异对其在滇陆猪组织中的表达有显著影响.[结论]Nramp1基因SNP位点变异能影响Nramp1基因在滇陆猪各组织中的表达变化,从而影响机体的免疫应答反应,其中SNP2位点可作为滇陆猪抗病育种的分子标记.     

花生生产潜力与高产途径

据估算，中熟大花生和早熟小花生最高单产可达到17.3t/hm^2和11.9t/hm^2，实际生产中，中熟大花生和早熟小花生最高单产已达到11.2t/hm^2和9.5t/hm^2。目前全球花生平均单产不到1.0t/hm^2，我国平均约3.7t/hm^2，花生生产仍有较大的增产余地。延长作物生长期、提高植株光合效率和增加光合产物向生殖体的分配比例，是花生品种改良的有效途径。适期播种、创造良好的土壤环境、选择适宜的种植方式和密度、合理调控叶面积系数、在增加总生物产量的基础上适当提高经济系数等，是目前花生高产栽培有效的措施途径。     

两个杂交粳稻组合超高产生长特性的研究

 : 将两个杂交粳稻组合（陵香优18和常优1号）于大田条件下种植,对超高产（产量＞12.0 t/hm2）田块的水稻物质生产和产量形成生长特性进行了分析。结果表明,与高产栽培（CK, 10.5～11.0 t/hm2）水稻相比,超高产栽培水稻穗数、每穗粒数显著高于CK,结实率和千粒重略高于CK,但差异不显著;超高产栽培水稻二次枝梗数、二次枝梗总粒数显著高于CK;有效分蘖临界叶龄期之前,超高产栽培条件下水稻生长比CK快,在有效分蘖临界叶龄期茎蘖数达到预期的穗数,叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK大;有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期,超高产栽培条件下水稻生长平稳,无效分蘖发生少,高峰苗低,叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK小;拔节以后,超高产栽培条件下水稻茎蘖数下降平缓,成穗率高,叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK高,尤其是抽穗以后,超高产栽培条件下水稻具有明显的生长优势,叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率均极显著高于CK。     

酸角品质评价指标的选择

在云南省内采集89份酸角样品,测定单果重、果实厚度、果实宽度、单果种子数、种子质量百分比、果肉质量百分比、果实长度等9项品质评价指标。采用相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法对数据进行分析。相关分析结果表明,单果重与果实厚度、果实宽度、单果种子数、果实直线长间相关性极显著,果肉质量百分比与厚宽比间相关性显著,果肉质量百分比与种子质量百分比间负相关性显著;主成分分析结果表明,前4个主要成分的累计方差贡献率达90.51%,即代表了全部信息的90.51%;聚类分析结果表明,通过聚类分析中的欧氏距离平方、类间平均链锁法,9项品质指标聚为4类,最终将9项指标简化为单果重、果肉质量百分比、种子质量百分比和厚宽比4项具有代表性品质评价指标。     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的多基因编辑系统在大豆中的应用

自CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9)基因组编辑技术发现以来,迅速在作物中得到广泛应用.但是,CRISPR/Cas9多基因编辑系统在大豆中的研究尚待开发.本文利...