扭角羚肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定

本试验旨在报告四川省野生扭角羚自然生存过程中致病性细菌的检测及生物学特征。试验对发病死亡扭角羚病变组织进行细菌学检查及分离,对分别从肝脏、脾脏和肺脏分离得到的4株优势菌进行形态特征、生化特性和16SrDNA分子鉴定,判定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。这4株菌对供试小白鼠均有致病性。测其LD50,分别为2.9×107、2.9×107、4.5×107和1.1×108 CFU/只。4株分离菌对供试的先锋霉素等敏感,对阿米卡星等中度敏感,对红霉素等耐药。推测这4株肺炎克雷伯氏菌是导致扭角羚死亡的主要病原菌。     

Effect of Nutrient Restriction and Compensation on Weight,Serum Indexes and Gene Expression of Chest Fat Adipokines in Mongolian Lamb

To study the effect of nutrient restriction and compensation on weight,serum indexes and gene expression of chest fat adipokine in Mongolian lamb,thirty male lambs were randomly divided into control group (20.26 kg± 3.63 kg) and feed restricted group (21.29 kg±3.00 kg).The experiment lasted for 120 days,including 60 days for feed restriction and 60 days for compensatory feed.At the end of each stage,five lambs from each group were slaughtered and chest fat was collected.Serum concentration of triglycerides,non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA),total cholesterol were measured.Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to determine Adiponectin,Visfatin,PPAR-γ and ACC genes expression.The results showed that:①The lamb body weight of restricted group kept maintain level and that of control group showed a increase tendency.During the compensatory period,the average daily gain (ADG) of restricted group was significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05).②During the restriction period,serum triglycerides concentration of lambs in restricted group was significantly decreased at day 30 and 60 (P< 0.05),and NEFA concentration was significantly increased at day 30 (P< 0.05).After 60 days of nutritional compensation,all serum parameters we tested were not significantly different between restrict group and control group (P >0.05).③During the restriction period,PPAR-γ and ACC gene expression in restricted group were significantly lower than that of control group (P< 0.05),while no significant differences were found during the compensation period (P>0.05).Adiponectin and Visfatin genes expression in chest fat was not significantly changed throughout the experiment (P >0.05).We could know that nutritional restriction reduced fatty acid synthesis and adipocyte differentiation ability,adipose tissue was mobilized energy metabolism,and total cholesterol was recoveried growth on the compensation.However,the ACC and PPAR-γ genes in restricted group were significantly decreased with the body weight increased rapidly during the compensatory stage.Adiponectin and Visfatin were not significantly different between restricted and compensatory stages.     

绣球菌菌丝体液态发酵培养工艺条件优化

为绣球菌进一步开发利用及工厂化生产奠定基础,在单因素实验基础上采用正交试验分析法,以绣球菌菌丝鲜重为指标,确定最佳工艺参数。结果表明：绣球菌菌丝体液态发酵最佳工艺条件：PDA培养基、培养温度26℃、振荡速度150 r/min、发酵时间13 d、碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为玉米粉。以液态发酵法高效获取绣球菌菌丝体及菌种是行业规模化发展的必然需求,本研究结果为绣球菌后续相关研究提供了理论依据。     

基于文献计量的我国青花菜研究发展态势及热点剖析

以CNKI数据库为主要数据来源,借助CiteSpace可视化分析工具,从发表年度、研究机构、来源期刊、高被引论文、关键词等方面,对我国2011—2020年间青花菜研究文献进行分析,揭示青花菜的研究现状和研究热点。结果表明,青花菜研究的发文数量总体呈现波动性变化;研究机构以农业类高校和农业科研机构居多,以区域性合作为主;高被引论文研究主要集中在保鲜与贮藏领域;青花菜的研究热点主要集中在品种选育与种质资源、病虫害防控及抗病基因鉴定、采后品质与保鲜贮藏、营养成分分析等研究领域。     

基于SWOT-PEST分析国家农业科技园区发展对策研究——以克拉玛依市国家农业科技园区为例

为加快克拉玛依市国家农业科技园区建设发展,笔者运用SWOT-PEST模型对影响克拉玛依市国家农业科技园区发展内部优势与劣势,外部环境带来的机遇与潜在威胁进行具体分析,结合克拉玛依市国家农业科技园区发展实际情况、地理位置、资源禀赋等优势,构建SWOT-PEST分析矩阵,对该农业科技园区的发展提出对策建议.     

烤烟蛙眼病病原菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性

【目的】明确贵州烤烟蛙眼病病原菌种类及生物学特性,为烤烟蛙眼病的综合防治提供科学依据。【方法】以采集自贵州烟区的烤烟蛙眼病病叶为材料,采用常规组织分离法和离体叶片接种法进行病原菌分离及致病性测定,利用形态学特征和分子生物学方法对病原菌进行种类鉴定,并对典型菌株进行生物学特性测定。【结果】从采集的病叶样本中共分离获得11株菌株,选取具有代表性的3株菌株YC1110、YC1111和YC1112接种到健康烤烟叶片上,接种6 d后出现典型症状,与田间症状一致,证明3株菌株为烤烟蛙眼病病原菌。ITS序列及系统发育分析表明,供试3株菌株与烟草尾孢（Cercospora nicotianae）的遗传关系很近,且菌落及孢子等形态特征亦符合烟草尾孢。生物学特性测定结果显示,病原菌在25℃、pH 7、光照条件为24 h全黑暗、碳氮源分别为果糖和牛肉浸粉、培养基为番茄琼脂培养基（TA2）时产孢量最多;在25℃、pH 7、碳氮源分别为甘露醇和蛋白胨、培养基为胡萝卜琼脂培养基（CA）和烟叶煎汁琼脂培养基（TA1）时生长最快。病原菌菌丝致死温度为54℃水浴10 min。【结论】引起贵州烤烟蛙眼病的病原菌为烟草尾孢。     

Heterosis and heterotic patterns of maize germplasm revealed by a multiple-hybrid population under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions

Understanding the heterosis in multiple environments between different heterotic groups is of fundamental importance in successful maize breeding. A total of 737 hybrids derived from 41 maize inbreds were evaluated over two years, with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity and their performance between heterotic groups under drought-stressed (DS) and well-watered (WW) treatments. A total of 38 737 SNPs were employed to assess the genetic diversity. The genetic distance (GD) between the parents ranged from 0.05 to 0.74, and the 41 inbreds were classified into five heterotic groups. According to the hybrid performance (high yield and early maturity between heterotic groups), the heterosis and heterotic patterns of Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS)×Non-Stiff Stalk (NSS), NSS×Sipingtou (SPT) and BSSS×SPT were identified to be useful options in China's maize breeding. The relative importance of general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) suggests the importance of the additive genetic effects for grain yield traits under the WW treatment, but the non-additive effects under the DS treatment. At least one of the parental lines with drought tolerance and a high GCA effect would be required to achieve the ideal hybrid performance under drought conditions. GD showed a positive correlation with yield and yield heterosis in within-group hybrids over a certain range of GD. The present investigation suggests that the heterosis is due to the combined accumulation of superior genes/alleles in parents and the optimal genetic distance between parents, and that yield heterosis under DS treatment was mainly determined by the non-additive effects.     

基于多元统计法的不同果实大小桃溪蜜柚品质综合评价

[目的]桃溪蜜柚果实品质好,经济效益明显,发展前景十分广阔,但不同大小果实的品质存在差异,研究通过探究不同大小桃溪蜜柚果实的品质特性和综合评价方法,以期为桃溪蜜柚的高品质生产提供依据.[方法]选取树势基本一致的5年生枳砧桃溪蜜柚为材料,果实成熟后采收,根据桃溪蜜柚单果质量,分为<600 g,600～700 g,700～900 g,900～1100 g,>1100 g 5个等级,通过测定桃溪蜜柚果实的外观品质、物理特性和风味品质,对不同等级的果实品质进行比较,并使用SPSS软件进行相关性分析,采用主成分分析法、模糊综合评判等权分析法和模糊综合评判加权分析法进行综合评价.[结果]不同大小的桃溪蜜柚果实品质存在差异,随着单果质量增大,果实的横径、纵径、种子数和可食率增大,而果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比则下降.果实果形指数、果皮厚度、囊瓣数、出汁率,可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量和糖酸比在不同大小果实中无显著差异.相关性分析结果表明桃溪蜜柚果实大小与果实的横径、纵径、种子数和可食率呈极显著正相关水平(P<0.01),相关性系数分别为0.981、0.981、0.978和0.976,与果实的可溶性固性物呈显著负相关水平(P<0.05),相关性系数为0.945.3种综合评价方法中主成分分析法和模糊综合评判等权分析法的评价结果较为一致,可作为不同果实大小桃溪蜜柚品质综合评价方法.果实单果质量700～900 g的综合品质最佳,其次是单果质量>1100 g,然后是单果质量900～1100 g,单果质量600～700 g、单果质量<600 g.[结论]果实大小对桃溪蜜柚果实的外观品质、物理特性和风味品质均有影响,其中大果的横径、纵径、单果质量和可食率优于中小果,而中小果的风味品质优于大果,综合评价结果表明中果的综合品质最佳,其次是大果和小果.该研究结果可为桃溪蜜柚果实分级标准修订和花果管理提供参考依据,进而提高桃溪蜜柚果品商品率和果品品质,提升果品市场竞争力.     

氮肥及拿敌稳施用量对水稻病害及其产量的影响

为探究氮肥及拿敌稳对水稻稻瘟病和纹枯病的防治效果及产量的影响,通过田间小区试验,对各个处理施用不同氮肥及药量.结果表明:拿敌稳对水稻稻瘟病及纹枯病均有较好的防治效果且随浓度的增加防治效果增强;与常规施氮相比较,减氮20％有利于对稻瘟病的防治;施用拿敌稳300 g/hm2并减氮20％对病害的防治效果最好且产量最高.     

林分因子和气象因素对欧美杨溃疡病发生的影响

探讨了林分和气象因素对欧美杨溃疡病田间发生状况的影响,为拟定病害防治措施提供依据。结果表明:杨树不同品种发病状况不同,中林46杨的发病率和发病指数高于107杨;树龄和林分密度影响病害发生的程度,不同树龄和不同株行距欧美杨林中,溃疡病的平均发病株率和发病指数存在显著差异;在8年生以下树龄的林分中,随树龄增大,病情加重;密度越大,发病率越高。欧美杨溃疡病的发生与4~9月的降水量(R)、日平均气温(T)、日最高气温(A)、日最低气温(a)、日平均相对湿度(HRH)及日平均风速(W)呈显著相关关系。即:欧美杨溃疡病的发生情况随着降水量(R)、日平均气温(T)、日最高气温(A)、日最低气温(a)和日平均相对湿度(HRH)变大而逐渐变重,随着日平均风速(W)的减小而逐渐加重。