中间偃麦草、长穗偃麦草及其杂种F1代同工酶研究

通过对过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)同工酶谱的分析,探讨中间偃麦草(Elytrigia elongata(Host)Nevski)、长穗偃麦草(E.intermedia(Host)Nevski)及其杂种F₁代的酶谱特征和亲缘关系。结果表明:亲本同工酶酶带数目、迁移率、着色程度等差异不大,二者亲缘关系较近。与亲本相比,杂种F₁代存在POD、SOD、PPO酶带丢失现象,但正、反交植株中均产生了一些亲本没有的新生带。杂种F₁代EST酶谱与亲本基本相同,仅着色程度略有差异。杂种F₁代植株的POD、PPO酶谱特征有偏向中间偃麦草的倾向,而SOD酶谱特征倾向于长穗偃麦草。杂种F₁代同工酶具有多态性,可作为遗传标记用于杂种鉴定和后代株系目标性状的选择。     

GC-MS分析慢性氨气应激对肉鸡血清代谢物的影响

【目的】随着养殖业集约化和规模化的发展,舍内环境对畜禽生长的影响日益突出。在密闭舍饲条件下,不断产生有毒有害气体,其中氨气的危害最大,降低畜禽生产性能,威胁动物健康。为此开展慢性氨气应激对肉鸡血清代谢物影响的研究,从小分子物质和代谢途径方面探究氨气导致机体代谢发生的变化,为舍内氨气的合理调控提供数据支持。【方法】试验采用单因素完全随机设计,将96只21日龄健康AA肉鸡随机分成对照组和试验组,每组设4个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组氨气浓度为0 mg·kg^-1,试验组氨气浓度为45 mg·kg^-1。试验在人工模拟呼吸舱内进行,呼吸舱采用全自动化控制温湿度等养殖条件,采用网上平养,自由采食和饮水,24h光照,试验期为21d。在肉鸡42日龄时,从每个重复中随机抽取2只,翅静脉采血,分离血清。将血清样品预处理后,采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(gas chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer technology, GC-MS)检测代谢产物,利用质谱数据库对其进行鉴定。通过主成分分析、偏最小二乘法判别分析、正交偏最小二...     

金霉素与赖氨酸和蛋氨酸交互作用研究

采用3×2×2因子饲养试验和2×2×2因子代谢试验,研究金霉素与赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的交互作用对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,及金霉素对两种氨基酸代谢的影响。金霉素在饲料中添加150 mg/kg时,对0-3周肉仔鸡具有显著的促生长作用（P<0.01）;并显著提高肉仔鸡的饲料采食量和饲料转化率（P<0.01）,促进氮沉积（P<0.01）。对4-6周肉仔鸡的生产性能无显著影响（P>0.05）;金霉素、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸存在显著的互作关系（P<0.05）。金霉素的促生长效果受饲料中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸含量的影响,当日粮中赖氨酸水平为1.3％,蛋氨酸水平为0.6％时,肉仔鸡的生长性能最高。金霉素对赖氨酸的利用率没有显著影响（P>0.05）,对蛋氨酸和胱氨酸的表观利用率具有显著抑制作用（P<0.05）。研究结果表明持续低剂量金霉素与蛋氨酸和赖氨酸具有交互作用,这种互作关系影响彼此对肉仔鸡生产性能的作用效果,金霉素具有提高肉仔鸡赖氨酸需要量的作用。     

不同质地土壤玉米秸秆还田配施腐熟剂效应的研究

为研究鉴选不同质地土壤秸秆还田适宜的秸秆腐熟剂,于2017—2018年在西辽河平原灌区中壤土和砂壤土秸秆还田配施人元腐熟剂和中农绿康腐熟剂,以秸秆还田不施腐熟剂为对照,共设置6个处理,测定玉米秸秆腐解率、玉米产量、玉米根系特性和土壤化学性状,研究不同秸秆腐熟剂对玉米产量及土壤特性的影响。结果表明:不同质地土壤2种腐熟剂秸秆腐解率间无显著差异;中壤土2年各处理玉米产量及根系特性、土壤化学性状均表现为人元腐熟剂中农绿康腐熟剂秸秆还田不施腐熟剂,且中农绿康腐熟剂和人元腐熟剂显著高于秸秆还田不施腐熟剂,而2种腐熟剂处理之间无显著差异;砂壤土2年各处理玉米产量及根系特性、土壤化学性状均表现为中农绿康腐熟剂人元腐熟剂秸秆还田不施腐熟剂,且中农绿康腐熟剂显著高于人元腐熟剂和秸秆还田不施腐熟剂。2年不同质地土壤中配施腐熟剂在根系特性、土壤化学性状方面表现为砂壤土配施中农绿康腐熟剂效果优于人元腐熟剂,而中壤土配施2种腐熟剂效果无显著性差异。     

人工林UHF频段电波传播场强预测模型

人工林无线电波传播场强模型是合理设计人工林环境无线电遥测遥控等通信电路的理论依据.该文在分析无线电波传播机理的基础上确定了人工林UHF频段传播损耗的三大组成部分及相应的计算方法,提出了人工林中某接收点处电场强度的预测模型.经过对北京西山人工侧柏林中不同参数的场强测试数据进行分析,校验了所建模型具有很高的精度.      

Effects of sodium nitroprusside after load reduction and/or atropine pre-treatment prior to dexmedetomidine administration on cardiovascular variables in dogs

The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)‐induced after load reduction in dogs administered dexmedetomidine (DEX). Using a randomized crossover design and allowing at least 2 weeks between treatments 12 adult hound dogs of either sex weighing 22 ± 1.7 SD kg were anesthetized by face mask administration of 2.9% ET sevoflurane to facilitate instrumentation prior to administration of treatment drugs. Dogs were intubated and instrumented to enable measurement of heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary arterial temperature (TEMP), and cardiac output (CO). Systemic (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistances were calculated. Following completion of instrumentation dogs were allowed to recover for 40 minutes. After collection of baseline data, dogs were administered one of four treatments at T–10 minutes prior to injection of DEX (500? g M^–2 IM): 1) saline (SAL); 2) atropine (ATR, 0.02 [n = 6] or 0.04 [n = 6] mg kg^–1 IM); 3) SAL + SNP (infused at 1–10 ?g kg^–1 minute^–1, IV as needed to maintain MAP between 90–110 mm Hg; or 4) ATR + SNP. Cardiovascular data were collected at T‐20 minutes prior to administration of DEX, T‐5 and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 minutes following DEX. Data were analyzed using anova for repeated measures with post hoc differences between means identified using Bonferroni's method (p < 0.05). Differences in ATR dose were not found to be significant and thus results for ATR dose groups were pooled. Administration of SAL (dexmedetomidine alone) was associated with decreases in HR and CO and increases in SAP, MAP, DAP, CVP, and SVR. Administration of ATR was associated with an increase in HR and CO compared with SAL. Administration of SNP was associated with an increase in HR and CO and a decrease in SVR, MAP and CVP compared with SAL. Administration of SNP + ATR was associated with effects similar to that of SNP or ATR alone and resulted in an additive increase in CO. We conclude that SNP‐induced afterload reduction with or without atropine is effective in mitigating DEX‐induced impairment of cardiovascular function.     

陕北毛乌素沙地仁用杏丰产栽培技术体系

针对陕北毛乌素沙地地势较为平埋，光热资源丰富，水资源相对充足，但干旱少雨，降水集中，蒸发量大，风沙危害频繁，土质疏松、漏肥、漏水现象严重等特殊的自然条件，提出了适宜该地区采用的仁用杏丰产栽培技术体系。