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71.
72.
We have induced and controlled normal aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebas by electrophoretic release of pulses of cyclic adenosine monophosphate from a microelectrode. This has yielded information about the sequence of development of aggregation competences during interphase. We believe that modifications of the technique will have wide application in investigations of other developing systems. 相似文献
73.
Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
P S Spencer P B Nunn J Hugon A C Ludolph S M Ross D N Roy R C Robertson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,237(4814):517-522
The decline in the high incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, and Alzheimer-type dementia among the Chamorro population of the western Pacific islands of Guam and Rota, coupled with the absence of demonstrable viral and hereditable factors in this disease, suggests the gradual disappearance of an environmental factor selectively associated with this culture. One candidate is seed of the neurotoxic plant Cycas circinalis L., a traditional source of food and medicine which has been used less with the Americanization of the Chamorro people after World War II. Macaques were fed the Cycas amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a low-potency convulsant that has excitotoxic activity in mouse brain, which is attenuated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. These animals developed corticomoto-neuronal dysfunction, parkinsonian features, and behavioral anomalies, with chromatolytic and degenerative changes of motor neurons in cerebral cortex and spinal cord. In concert with existing epidemiological and animal data, these findings support the hypothesis that cycad exposure plays an important role in the etiology of the Guam disease. 相似文献
74.
KR Arrigo DL Worthen MP Lizotte P Dixon G Dieckmann 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,276(5311):394-397
A numerical model shows that in Antarctic sea ice, increased flooding in regions with thick snow cover enhances primary production in the infiltration (surface) layer. Productivity in the freeboard (sea level) layer is also determined by sea ice porosity, which varies with temperature. Spatial and temporal variation in snow thickness and the proportion of first-year ice thus determine regional differences in sea ice primary production. Model results show that of the 40 teragrams of carbon produced annually in the Antarctic ice pack, 75 percent was associated with first-year ice and nearly 50 percent was produced in the Weddell Sea. 相似文献
75.
Cloned viral protein vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease: responses in cattle and swine 总被引:88,自引:0,他引:88
D G Kleid D Yansura B Small D Dowbenko D M Moore M J Grubman P D McKercher D O Morgan B H Robertson H L Bachrach 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,214(4525):1125-1129
A DNA sequence coding for the immunogenic capsid protein VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus A12, prepared from the virion RNA, was ligated to a plasmid designed to express a chimeric protein from the Escherichia coli tryptophan promoter-operator system. When Escherichia coli transformed with this plasmid was grown in tryptophan-depleted media, approximately 17 percent of the total cellular protein was found to be an insoluble and stable chimeric protein. The purified chimeric protein competed equally on a molar basis with VP3 for specific antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. When inoculated into six cattle and two swine, this protein elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protection against challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus. 相似文献
76.
77.
Robertson C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1906,23(582):307-310
78.
79.
Moseler M Gumbsch P Casiraghi C Ferrari AC Robertson J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5740):1545-1548
The ultrasmoothness of diamond-like carbon coatings is explained by an atomistic/continuum multiscale model. At the atomic scale, carbon ion impacts induce downhill currents in the top layer of a growing film. At the continuum scale, these currents cause a rapid smoothing of initially rough substrates by erosion of hills into neighboring hollows. The predicted surface evolution is in excellent agreement with atomic force microscopy measurements. This mechanism is general, as shown by similar simulations for amorphous silicon. It explains the recently reported smoothing of multilayers and amorphous transition metal oxide films and underlines the general importance of impact-induced downhill currents for ion deposition, polishing, and nanopattering. 相似文献
80.