养殖场小规模清洁发展机制（CDM）项目捆绑开发

为了探究养殖场小规模清洁发展机制（CDM）捆绑项目对减排的贡献,该文以湖北一捆绑CDM项目为案例,利用《气候变化框架公约》清洁发展机制理事会批准的方法学（AMS-III.D 和AMS-I.D）,评估了7个参与沼气工程项目捆绑的养殖场利用沼气工程处理猪场粪污、沼气发电替代电网电能所减少的温室气体排放量,同时分析了捆绑项目的减排成本。通过案例研究得出,7个养殖场每年可减少温室气体排放86.5%,减排CO2 37 443.7 t,采用捆绑模式后,折合每头猪的额外开发成本对比单个项目开发额外成本降低了49.71%。该研究为同类项目的开发起到一定的指导作用。     

盐效应辅助水相萃取油茶籽油的工艺

为克服油脂水相萃取时乳化严重而清油得率低的问题,采取了盐效应辅助水相萃取油茶籽油的新工艺。以碳酸钠溶液为萃取剂,考察液料比、提取时间、提取温度和振荡速度对油茶籽油清油得率的影响,并采用Box-Behnken试验设计对主要影响因素进行了优化,得到利用碳酸钠的盐效应水相萃取油茶籽油的优化工艺参数为：液料比为3.39 mL/g,提取时间1 h,提取温度65℃,震荡速度140 r/min。在该最优条件下,油茶籽油清油得率可达96.33%。由此说明,盐效应可明显防止油茶籽油水相萃取时乳液的形成,显著提高其清油得率,同时也为提高其他油脂水相萃取时的清油得率提供了一种新思路。     

微生物发酵饲料对生长猪生产性能和营养物质利用率的影响

试验主要研究无抗微生物发酵饲料对生长猪生产性能和营养物质利用率的影响。选用杜长大三元杂交去势公猪12头,随机分为3组,每组4头,单栏饲养于消化代谢笼中,分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)、基础料+抗生素、基础料发酵处理饲料,即试验分为A、B、C组;试验28 d,测定增重和饲料消耗;试验中期15~18 d进行消化试验样品收集,准确记录饲料采食量,全天收集排粪量并烘干,测定饲料和粪样中营养成分含量,计算各成分表观消化率。结果表明:饲喂微生物发酵料后,猪平均日增重提高4.89%,料重比降低5.97%,但均未达到统计学上的显著差异(P0.05);而饲喂抗生素料后,料重比显著降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比较,饲喂微生物发酵料极显著提高了猪对粗脂肪消化率(P0.01),且接近添加抗生素组的效果(P0.05)。试验表明,饲喂微生物发酵饲料可提高动物生产性能和营养成分消化率。     

Effects of Chinese traditional herbal medicine complex supplementation on the growth performance,immunity and serum traits of pigs

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine complex supplementation on the growth performance, immunity and serological traits of pigs, and the feasibility of its use as a substitute for antibiotics. Thirty‐six weaned pigs LYD with average initial body weight of 10 ± 0.55 kg were randomly divided into three treatments with three replicates. These constituted the control, the antibiotics group (chlortetracycline 100 µg/kg, oxytetracycline 100 µg/kg), and 0.3% Chinese herbal medicine complex group (CHM). Experiment results indicated that the CHM group exhibited significantly increased average feed intake and peripheral blood CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cell percentage as compared with those of the antibiotics group (P < 0.05). High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level was greater while low‐density lipoprotein + very low‐density lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) level was lower in the CHM group than the control group (P < 0.05). The in vitro results indicated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by Con‐A produced a greater interleukin (IL)‐6 level in the CHM group and IL‐6 level stimulated by lipopolysaccharide was greater than the antibiotics groups (P < 0.05). Above all, this study has indicated that the addition of Chinese traditional herbal complex to pigs' diets has beneficial results.     

Effect of encapsulated pseudomonas putida Rs-198 strain on alleviating salt stress of cotton

The present investigation was carried out to determine the inter-relationship between some physiological attributes of cotton and encapsulated Rs-198 strain. The pot experiment had seven treatments (with or without encapsulated bacteria under different salt stress conditions, 10 replicates) and was carried out in the greenhouse during April–June 2014. Pot results showed that the inoculated encapsulated Rs-198 significantly increased the plant biomass under 0.5% salt stress. Besides, an approximately 19.47% increase in the soluble protein content of cotton with encapsulated Rs-198 inoculated in salt condition and relatively higher chlorophylls a, b and carotenoid concentrations of 0.626, 0.304, and 0.564 mg/g, respectively, were maintained. The proline content and peroxidase activity in cotton plants inoculated Rs-198 under 0.5% salt stress of were reduced by 42.30% and by 24.98%, respectively. In conclusion, application of encapsulated Rs-198 strain was effective in relieving salt stress under saline conditions. microcapsule bioinoculants are potential alternatives for sustainable agriculture due to their low cost of production.     

1-MCP和简易气调处理对采后子芋贮藏品质的影响

针对芋艿易于腐烂、不耐贮藏的现象,采用3因子3水平正交试验设计L9(33),研究了1-MCP不同浓度(0.02、0.04、0.06 mg/kg)、简易气调(抽气、充N2和常压)和贮藏温度(6℃、10℃和室温)处理对子芋贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:10℃和室温处理的子芋腐烂指数(贮藏150 d)、还原糖含量(贮藏90 d)均显著低于6℃处理的(p0.05);10℃贮藏的子芋褐变指数显著低于6℃的(p0.05)。充N2和10℃复合处理能明显抑制子芋的氧化褐变,1-MCP和室温组合处理具增效保鲜作用。确定较佳的工艺组合为:采后子芋用0.02~0.06 mg/kg 1-MCP熏蒸处理24 h,装保鲜袋后充N2、10℃贮藏,或抽气、室温贮藏。150 d后,子芋的腐烂指数(5.6%~7.9%)、褐变指数(4.3%~9.8%)均显著低于对照(p0.05),维生素C(2.97~3.94 mg/100 g)和淀粉(24.9%~32.5%)含量明显高于对照。     

温室番茄‘TY196’品种的选育

‘TY196’是以‘S7’为母本、‘ST16’为父本组配而成的抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒(TY)病的番茄新品种,该品种含有ty1、ty3基因。生长势强,中早熟,粉红果。耐低温弱光,硬度高,单果质量250g,可溶性固形物含量平均为4.7%,高抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒病,兼抗烟草花叶病毒、枯萎病、叶霉病、根结线虫、根腐病。适宜于南北方早秋、早春日光温室和大棚越夏栽培。     

油松毛虫种群动态的ARMA(p,q)模型

应用随机过程理论建立了油松毛虫上树后至化蛹阶段的ARMA(p,q)模型,并对该阶段的种群动态进行了模拟,其模拟值与实测值十分接近。     

紫色土铜的形态及其对水稻毒性的研究

采用连续浸提法测定了紫色土铜的形态,并用盆栽试验研究了铜对水稻的危害。结果表明,紫色土中原有铜以残留态为主,依次为碳酸盐态和弱专性吸附态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态,交换态的比例最小。铜在各形态间的分布因土壤不同而有较大差异。施铜导致残留态的比例下降,而使交换态、碳酸盐态和弱专性吸附态、铁锰氧化物结合态比例上升。铜对水稻影响的大小是酸性>中性>石灰性紫色土。初步认为,土壤铜的水溶-交换态、弱专性吸附态-碳酸盐态是对水稻有效的铜形态,土壤铜的毒性临界值以交换态和弱专性吸附态或碳酸盐态为指标,在30mg Cu/kg左右。     

蜂窝塑膜温室覆盖材料性能试验研究

蜂窝塑膜是一种新型温室覆盖材料。实际生产试验表明,使用该材料较好地解决了温室保温与透光的矛盾,为生物的生长创造了更为有利的环境。与普通单层塑料薄膜覆盖温室相比,在覆盖层成本提高较小、不过多影响透光率的情况下,使用蜂窝塑膜覆盖材料大大提高了温室的保温能力,减轻了农民的劳动强度,创造了明显的社会与经济效益。因此,该材料具有广泛的应用前景。蜂窝塑膜温室覆盖材料性能试验测试结果证明了理论分析的正确性,为该材料结构的进一步优化提供了依据。