油松毛虫幼虫种群动态格局的研究

本文在以6种分布型指数测定油松毛虫(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu)幼虫种群静态空间格局的基础上,通过聚类分析,可将油松毛虫幼虫种群在上树过程中的水平格局和垂直格局聚为两类:即前期型和中后期型;其6种分布型指数可分为三类:即(1)m~*/m,C_A,I_δ;(2)入;(3)C,L。     

龙须草叶片电镜扫描样品制备方法及扫描电镜下电压选择

探讨了龙须草叶片扫描电镜样品的制备技术以及扫描电镜下电压的选择。结果表明:取叶组织直接镀金观察的效果与通过戊二醛固定经丙醇脱水后再镀金观察的效果相差不大,研究龙须草叶片结构可以用直接制片法。为了获得清晰的龙须草叶片扫描电镜图,在扫描电镜下选择用10 k V的电压为最佳。     

新媒体时代科普工作原则--基于CAS理论视角

简述了新媒体和复杂自适应系统（CAS）理论的相关概念,辨析了传统科普和新媒体时代科普的不同,指出了新媒体时代的科普系统是CAS ,提出了用CAS理论指导新媒体时代科普工作的几点原则。     

酒糟厌氧消化产甲烷特性与微生物菌群结构分析

酒糟是酿酒生产过程中的副产物,以酒糟为研究对象,分别考察不同底物总固体（Total solid, TS）质量分数（0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%）、接种比（接种污泥与酒糟的挥发性固体质量比）（0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5）和温度（25、37、50℃）条件下酒糟的厌氧消化产甲烷特性。结果表明,随着TS浓度的增加,产甲烷量逐渐增加, 2%TS条件下可获得最大的累计产沼气量（532.8mL/g）和产甲烷量（294.7mL/g）。接种比是影响厌氧消化系统的重要因素,随着接种比的增大,系统累计产沼气和产甲烷量呈先增加后减少的趋势,在接种比为0.25和0.5的条件下,系统发生崩溃,并未产甲烷,当接种比为1时,获得最大的累计产沼气和甲烷量。当TS质量分数为2%、接种比为1.5、发酵温度为50℃的条件下,获得最大的累计产沼气量为559.4mL/g,相较37℃条件下提高了10.2%,而获得的累计产甲烷量为284.0mL/g,相较37℃并未显著提升（P>0.05）。利用修正的Gompertz模型进行产气动力学分析后,发现TS质量分数越高、接种比越大、温度越高,产甲烷迟滞期越短。同时对不同温度反应体系中的微生物群落进行了分析,发现Bacteroidetes和 Firmicutes为优势菌门,随着温度的升高,产甲烷菌逐渐由氢营养型代替乙酸营养型。因此, TS浓度、接种比和温度是厌氧发酵重要因素,初步确定2%TS、接种比为1的中温酒糟厌氧发酵产甲烷性能相对较好。     

Study of wavelet denoising in apple's charge-coupled device near-infrared spectroscopy

Discrete wavelet transform was used to eliminate the noise in the charge-coupled device near-infrared (CCD-NIR) spectra of apple. The influence of three parameters (wavelet function, decomposition level, and threshold) on the predictive ability of the calibration model was investigated. The result showed that the db, sym, and bior wavelet families performed well, while the coif, dmey, and haar wavelets were not able to denoise effectively. The best decomposition level was 2. The threshold selection rules of the default, Birge-Massart, and Penalty had good denoising results, while SURE, Sqtwolog, Heuristic SURE, and Minimax set all detailed coefficients to zero due to their high threshold values. The best denoising result was obtained with the combination of the bior3.3 wavelet function, two levels of decomposition, default threshold selection rule, and the soft thresholding method. The optimal model of soluble solids content was constructed. The relative standard deviation of prediction decreased from 7.79 to 5.82% after wavelet denoising.     

Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and oxidative burst in polymorphonuclear neutrophils by caffeic acid and hispidin derivatives isolated from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis Burm.)

Several antioxidant compounds have been previously identified from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis Burm.) by DPPH bleaching and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) analyses. Among the isolates, 7-O-caffeoylhydroxymaltol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and hispidin 4-O-beta- D-glucopyranoside [6-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-2-pyrone] were two new compounds. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible effect of the aqueous extract of sword brake fern (SBF) and these two compounds in preventing atherosclerosis. The results demonstrated that SBF and these two compounds strongly inhibited Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay (TBARS), conjugated diene production, and relative electrophoretic mobility. The commercial antioxidant dl-alpha-tocopherol showed lower antioxidant activity than these two compounds at the same molecular concentration. SBF and these two compounds also suppressed N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). These findings indicate that sword brake fern may prevent atherosclerosis via inhibition of both LDL oxidation and ROS production.     

2008―2021年新疆审定长绒棉品种主要性状演变分析

为全面了解近年新疆育成长绒棉品种的特征特性,对2008―2021年新疆维吾尔自治区主要农作物品种审定委员会审定的43个早中熟长绒棉品种和4个当前待审品种的主要性状演变情况进行分析.结果表明:2012年以来审定品种的铃重较之前明显增加,普遍在3.40 g以上;衣分总体表现较为平稳,皮棉产量受气候环境等因素影响波动较大;纤...     

The siderophore-interacting protein is involved in iron acquisition and virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer strain CH3

Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. The ability to acquire iron under low-iron conditions is related to the virulence of a variety of bacterial pathogens. In this study, a sip (Riean_1281) deletion mutant CH3Δsip was constructed and characterized for iron-limited growth, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity to ducklings. Results showed that siderophore-interacting protein (SIP) was involved in iron utilization and the sip deletion significantly reduced biofilm formation and adherence to and invasion of Vero cells. In addition, the sip gene was absent in 1 of 24 (4.17%) virulent strains and 2 of 3 (66.7%) avirulent strains of R. anatipestifer, and the sip gene from six R. anatipestifer strains, which belong to serotypes 1, 2, and 10, respectively, shared 100% amino acid identities to those of R. anatipestifer strains DSM15868 and RA-GD. These results suggested that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition may be an important iron-uptake pathway in R. anatipestifer. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the CH3Δsip mutant in ducklings was about 35-fold higher than that of the wild-type CH3 strain. Thus, our results demonstrated that R. anatipestifer SIP was involved in iron acquisition and necessary for its optimal virulence.     

Soil acidification induced by intensive agricultural use depending on climate

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil acidification is a major issue in agricultural ecosystems. However, how agricultural land uses shape the soil pH pattern and affect soil acidification on a...