Molecular cloning and characterization of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein in the mud crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scylla paramamosain</Emphasis>: its potential anti-apoptosis role under air exposure stress

The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is a widely farmed commercial species in southeast coastal areas of China. The crabs are placed in water-free containers for transportation to inland markets, thus are exposed to dry conditions for more than 72 h after capture and may suffer from air exposure stress, triggering cell apoptosis leading to death. To evaluate whether an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) is involved in apoptosis resistance against air exposure stress in crustaceans, SpIAP was cloned and investigated for the first time. The full length of SpIAP was 3351 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 662 amino acids. The predicted SpIAP protein contained three baculoviral IAP repeat domains and one really interesting new gene (RING) finger domain. Protein basic local alignment search tool and phylogenetic analysis results showed that SpIAP was clustered together with other crustaceans IAPs. SpIAP was detected in all the examined tissues and predominantly expressed in the hepatopancreas. When crabs were challenged with air exposure for 12 h, the expression level of SpIAP in the hepatopancreas was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. A RNA interference assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that when SpIAP was silenced, the cell apoptotic rate significantly increased after 24 h air exposure. These results suggested that SpIAP was involved in an anti-apoptosis response induced by air exposure in S. paramamosain.     

细水雾大空间局域环境调节系统的设计及应用

提出了大空间局域环境喷雾降温、增湿、调湿系统的设计方法.针对细水雾扩散蒸发过程,建立了大空间局域环境调节的数学模型.以上海世博会特钢大舞台喷雾降温系统为例,对系统终端的耗水量以及降温空间内的湿度变化进行计算分析后发现,在半室外环境喷雾降温过程中,由于环境温度的降低,空气的饱和含水量下降,水蒸气含量增加,局部环境湿度增大.采用人工送风对环境湿度进行调节,配风量对比计算表明,增大配风量可以加快环境湿度趋于稳定.设定降温终端的工作频率后,相对湿度可控制在88%以下.计算分析模型忽略了人体散热、散湿等非关键因素.所提出的系统设计、优化和分析方法已经成功应用于奥运会场馆工程,对世博轴及场馆等室外和半室外环境喷雾降温系统的设计也具有重要的参考价值.     

沙棘果渣中黄酮醇苷的结构研究

在沙棘果皮、种子、果渣中或果实处理过程中产生的液体中可能含有数量可观的珍贵天然抗氧化剂。人们对寻找可代替合成抗氧化剂的天然抗氧化剂的兴趣逐渐上升,大量的研究也因此产生。据记载,沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）果实是黄酮醇丰富的来源,黄酮醇由异鼠李素的糖苷,五羟黄酮,4,5,7三羟黄酮醇组成。同时,还发现其它天然抗氧化剂浓度也很高,如原花色素,抗坏血酸,生育酚和类胡萝卜素。果汁从浆果中提取,引流至剩余的滤饼,     

不同浓度大豆卵磷脂替代蛋黄对东佛里生奶绵羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

本试验皆在研究添加不同浓度大豆卵磷脂（SL）冷冻保存东佛里生奶绵羊精液的效果。我们在Tris基础稀释液中,添加18%蛋黄为对照组,添加0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%SL设为试验组,检测冷冻精液解冻后的精子活率和顶体完整率。结果显示,添加0.5%、2.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率与其他组之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1%～2% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,冷冻解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率之间无显著差异（P>0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1.0%～1.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释后的精液,进行人工授精后母羊的妊娠率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。因此,大豆卵磷脂可以作为冷冻保护剂用于东佛里生奶绵羊精液的冷冻保存,其最佳添加浓度为1～2%（g／L）。     

海水鱼配合饲料中无机砷测定方法研究

摘要:　本文研究了海水鱼配合饲料中无机砷的测定方法。采用6mol/L盐酸溶液为介质,在70℃水浴中浸提1h,再用活性炭吸附分离浸提液中有机砷等有机物质后,以HG-AFS法测定海水鱼配合饲料及其原料样品中无机砷含量。方法前处理简单、快速,方法检出限0.08mg/kg;加标回收率85.5%～109.7%;精密度（RSD）2.6%～9.8%;线性范围0～400μg/L。用相同样品在4个实验室间对本法进行复核验证结果表明,精密度和准确度均符合检测要求,用于实际样品的检测,结果令人满意。     

Prediction of the changes on the CIELab values of fabric after chemical finishing using artificial neural network and linear regression models

Changes on the CIELab values of the dyed materials after the different chemical finishing treatments using artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression (LR) models have been predicted. The whole structural properties of fabrics and some process data which were from fiber to the finishing parameters were accepted as inputs in these models. The networks having different structures were established, and it was also focus on the parameters which could affect the performance of the established networks. It was determined that we could successfully predict the color differences values occurring on the material after the finishing applications. In addition, we realized that some ANN parameters affected the prediction performance while establishing the models. After training ANN models, the prediction of the color difference values was also tried by linear regression models. Then, extra ANN models were established for all outputs using the parameters as inputs in the LR equations, and the prediction performances of both established models were compared. According to the results, the neural network model gives a more accurate prediction performance than the LR models.     

Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Seven Chinese Indigenous Chicken Populations in Guizhou Province

To investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of indigenous chicken breeds in Guizhou, a total of 150 individual samples were collected from 12 breeds, including seven local chicken breeds in Guizhou Province, three Chinese native breeds found in other provinces, and two commercial breeds. The genotype datasets were obtained using a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism array method, and then a series of population analyses were performed. The obtained population parameters and linkage disequilibrium decay indicated a higher degree of genetic diversity in Guizhou chickens than in commercial breeds. Two Guizhou local breeds, Wumeng black-bone and Weining, were clustered with a breed from a neighboring province, Xinwen black-bone, which exhibited similar ancestral composition patterns. A newly found breed, Wumeng crested, had high genetic diversity and displayed genetic differences from other Guizhou breeds. These findings provide insight into the establishment of efficient conservation and utilization programs for Guizhou chicken breeds.     

梯度提高进料浓度对鸡粪连续中温发酵产甲烷的影响

通过长期中温甲烷发酵试验,考察了不同进料总固体质量分数(total solid,TS)(5%、7.5%、10%和15%)和有机负荷(organic loading rate,OLR)(2.5、3.75、5和7.5 g/(L·d))下鸡粪中温甲烷发酵效果,采用批次试验测定了各阶段污泥利用乙酸的产甲烷活性。330 d的连续试验显示,TS由5%增至15%,出料氨氮质量浓度由(2 110±370)mg/L增至(6 890±220)mg/L,挥发性脂肪酸由(360±100)mg/L增至(8 800±500)mg/L,TS产甲烷率由(253±9)m L/g降至(173±22)m L/g。长期采用TS10%和15%的进料,氨氮质量浓度分别达到(6 510±300)和(6 890±220)mg/L,TS产甲烷率分别为(203±13)和(173±22)m L/g,比TS5%的降低了20%和32%。批次试验结果表明,氨氮累积导致微生物利用乙酸产甲烷的能力降低,当氨氮质量浓度达到6 500和7 000 mg/L时,乙酸产甲烷活性分别降低59%和98%。鸡粪中温甲烷发酵能够在进料TS为5%和7.5%下稳定运行;进料TS达到10%,甲烷发酵水解、酸化和产甲烷将受到抑制,造成有机物转化率的降低。该研究建议鸡粪中温甲烷发酵的TS不超过10%。     

不同耕作模式下秸秆还田对潮土肥力特征的影响

2016—2017年通过田间试验对比研究夏玉米季不同耕作模式下秸秆还田对潮土肥力特征的影响。试验设置:免耕(NT)、免耕(NT)+秸秆还田(S)、翻耕(T)和翻耕(T)+秸秆还田(S)4个处理。结果表明,免耕、翻耕模式下,秸秆还田均显著增加了土壤碱解氮(+6.10 mg·kg~(-1)、+10.66 mg·kg~(-1))、有效磷(+2.76 mg·kg~(-1)、+6.53 mg·kg~(-1))、速效钾(+38.94 mg·kg~(-1)、+47.7 mg·kg~(-1))、有机质(+1.85 g·kg~(-1)、+0.80 g·kg~(-1))含量,及土壤孔隙度(+2.81%、+1.77%),降低了土壤容重(-5%、-3%),促进水稳定性大团聚体(0.25 mm)的形成。免耕、翻耕模式下的秸秆还田均有利于土壤肥力的提高,尤其在免耕模式下土壤容重、孔隙度、团聚体和有机质含量状况得到明显改善。翻耕对大团聚体有破碎作用,不利于有机质累积。     

Aflatoxin B<Subscript>1</Subscript> (AFB<Subscript>1</Subscript>) reduces growth performance,physiological response,and disease resistance in Tra catfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pangasius hypophthalmus</Emphasis>)

Triplicate groups of one hundred Tra catfish (8 g?±?0.2) were fed seven test diets containing increasing levels of AFB₁ (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg AFB₁ kg^?1). Additionally Mycofix® Secure was added at 1.5% to one diet containing 500 μg AFB₁ kg^?1. Results showed that Tra catfish are sensitive to AFB₁. Reduction in weight gain (P?<?0.05) was observed for fish fed 50 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 and declined further with increasing levels of AFB₁ in the diets. Fish fed diets contaminated with 500 and 1000 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 showed increased (P?>?0.05) hepatosomatic index (HIS), while an increase in adipose somatic index (ASI) was observed in fish fed 50 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 and above when compared to the control and Mycofix® diets. After 12 weeks, blood serum analysis revealed higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in fish fed the 50, 100, and 250 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 suggesting occurrence of liver damage. Disease resistance of fish exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri was also compromised by the presence of AFB₁ in the feed and was directly related to the contamination level. Seven days after Edwardsiella ictaluri exposure, survival rates were 50, 41.7, 31.7, and 8.3% for fish fed control, 50, 100, and 250 μg AFB₁ kg^?1, respectively. This trial shows that AFB₁ at a level of 50 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 and above can affect fish performance and disease resistance. Application of an effective mycotoxin management in the feed seems to be useful to prevent the negative effects of AFB₁.