核不育芝麻小孢子败育机理的细胞学研究

核不育芝麻小孢子败育发生在四分体形成之后的无液泡小孢子期,败育在很短的时间内完成。败育前小孢子大量液泡化,其线粒体异常膨大与质体的基质化可作为小孢子开始败育的标志。败育小孢子缺少花粉外壁上的覆盖层。芝麻花药绒毡层的异常,包括有机物贮量的降低;细胞内含物的异位分布及迅速减少与消失;不能及时或缺乏分泌胼胝质     

芝麻基因雄性不育系的研究

通过群体改良对芝麻雄性不育原始材料进行基因重组，产生了大量优秀变异。用系内连续姊妹交，回效等手段育在敢综合农艺性状良好，不育度为９９％以上，不育株率稳定在５０％左右可供可杂交种生产应用的ｍｓ８６－１不育系。形态学研究证明，所选不育系雄蕊败育彻 底，雌蕊发育正常，具有正常的结籽能力；小孢子败育发生在四分体后的无液泡小孢子期；雄性不育性具有良好的环境稳定性。根据初步的遗传分析推测，不育性可能不是受单隐     

棉花产量与苗情、气候关系研究

根据湖南省多年多点的棉花苗情定点观察与气象观测资料,采用相关及多种回归分析方法,研究棉花产量与苗情性状及气候条件相互间的内在联系和定量关系,找出影响棉花生长发育及产量形成的主导因素,并根据所建立的回归方程进行苗情预测预报,从而提出有效的促控指标,为指挥棉花生产,作出宏观决策提供科学依据。     

The Effects of Foliar Fertilization on Pest Control of Cowpea

研究了经不同叶面肥处理后，豇豆白粉病、锈病、豆野螟的发生情况，测定了多酚氧化酶(PPO)、产量指标，结果表明，合理施肥能够提高植物对有害生物的抗性，增加产量，保证品质。综合各方面因素，各种施肥措施中以施海藻有机肥效果较好。     

超级杂交稻Ⅱ优航1号的生物学特性

Ⅱ优航1号是应用航天育种方法育成的超级杂交水稻新组合。2003—2005三年推广面积为26.67万hm2，累计增产粮食1.2亿kg。该组合具有产量潜力高、米质较优、苗期耐寒性较好、抽穗期耐高温、穗大粒多、结实率高、适应性广、再生力强等特点。2004年通过福建省品种审定，2005年通过全国品种审定和广西区品种审定，被农业部列为全国重点示范推广的超级稻组合之一，还被福建省农业厅列为重点示范推广超级杂交稻组合。着重介绍Ⅱ优航1号的推广应用，主要植物学特征与产量结构，同时也介绍了它在各级区域试验、生产试验、6.67、66.67、666.67hm2高产示范片的产量表现和抗性、品质特性。     

小麦抗病基因同源序列(RGAs)的克隆与分析

RGA(抗性基因同源序列)法是克隆植物抗性基因的一种经济有效的方法,成为近年来的研究热点。本实验综合分析了拟南芥,西红柿,水稻,烟草等植物已克隆的抗性基因,并以这些抗性基因的NBS(核酸结合位点),LRR(富含亮氨酸重复),STK(丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶)保守结构域设计并合成了几十对RGA引物,对小麦抗条锈病材料进行PCR扩增,获得以Xal-NBS为引物的R88RGA片段,经克隆和序列比对分析,发现该片段与逆境条件下植物抗病信号传导相关,与蛋白激酶同源性达到96%。此项研究对抗病机理的研究和基因的发掘有重要的指导意义。     

Prediction of heterosis using QTLs for yield traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Three double low (erucic acid and glucosinolates) self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties from different origins were selected to produce 66 hybrids according to a NC II mating design. Field experiments for identification of hybrid performance and heterosis were conducted in two successive rapeseed growing seasons in Wuhan, China. After heterosis identifications, SI-1300 and Eagle were chosen to construct an F₂ segregating population. One hundred and eighty four F_2:3 lines were planted at Wuhan and Jingmen to test yield traits. F₂ plants and the 25 parents were analyzed using simultaneously AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. A total of 270 and 718 polymorphic loci were detected in the F₂ population and among the 25 parental lines, respectively. Of the 718 polymorphic loci, 178 were significantly correlated to yield traits. With the use of one-way ANOVA, 84 common QTLs were detected for 12 traits at two trial locations. Although the genetic distances based on general/specific heterozygosities and single-locus QTLs showed significant correlations with hybrid performance and heterosis for some yield traits, the determination coefficients were low. The results suggested that neither heterozygosities nor QTLs for yield traits were suitable to predict hybrid performance and heterosis in Brassica napus.     

TTCH定量测定辣椒种子的活力及活力丧失原因的探讨

本文以辣椒种子为材料,测定了不同贮存年限的辣椒种子发芽率,用TTCH测定了其活力,结果表明活力指标与发芽率相关极显著,华椒1号的相关系数达0.8912,华椒17号的相关系数达0.9277。实验表明辣椒种子活力下降的内在因素是膜的破坏、活性物质减少及毒素积累等因素引起的。     

Genetic analysis of four self-incompatible lines in Brassica napus

Reciprocal hybridization between four self-incompatible lines of Brassica napus: 271, 181, 184 and ‘White Flower’, revealed incompatibility. The reciprocal F₁s obtained by bud pollination showed self-incompatible reactions, and no segregation for self-incompatibility was observed in all the reciprocal F₂ populations, indicating that lines 271, 181, 184 and ‘White Flower’ were genetically identical with regard to self-incompatibility. Observations of self-incompatibility in 17 hybrids from crosses between line 271 and 17 varieties of B. napus showed 10 of the F₁ hybrids to be self-compatible, while four were partially self-compatible and three were self-incompatible. Genetic analysis based on F₂ and BC₁ populations from five self-compatible F₁ hybrids and two self-incompatible F₁ hybrids suggested the existence of at least two loci controlling the self-incompatibility of line 271: one is the S locus, with dominant and recessive relationships between the S alleles, and the other is the suppressor (sp) of the S locus. The sp locus is genetically different from the S locus, and also shows dominant and recessive relationships between the sp alleles.     

竹炭陶土复合材料的制备和结构性能表征

以竹炭粉、陶土为主要原料,经混合、成型、干燥和煅烧等工艺制得竹炭陶土复合材料(以下称竹炭陶),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、拉曼光谱测试仪(Raman)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和比表面积测试仪等仪器,对竹炭陶的微晶构造、孔隙结构、吸附和红外辐射性能等进行表征。结果表明:竹炭微粒镶嵌在陶土基体中,保留原有以中孔为主的孔隙结构和类石墨化晶体结构,获得的竹炭陶具有较大的比表面积和中孔为主的孔隙结构,能有效地吸附甲醛、苯等有害气体。加入一定量的竹炭能提高竹炭陶的远红外发射率,其红外发射率均高于陶土和竹炭,结合红外吸收光谱谱图分析,竹炭陶具有高红外发射率的本质在于具有倍频吸收、分子基团振动、转动及晶格振动。